UAE reveals study of 7 dead whales

The Environment and Protected Areas Authority in Sharjah (EPAA) has completed a study to analyse tissues of 7 dead whales beached in the UAE. A team of researchers conducted necropsies on 5 Bryde’s Whales, 1 Blue Whale, and 1 Humpback Whale.

What study on tissues of 7 dead whales in the UAE reveals | Environment – Gulf News

Report: Rising slaughter of small whales and dolphins threatens ocean balance

A must-read report by Elizabeth Fitt on 6 March 2024 on the killings of small whales, porpoises and dolphins globally. With more than 100,000 of these marine mammals slaughtered each year. A very good read!

Mongabay Series:

Report: Rising slaughter of small whales and dolphins threatens ocean balance (mongabay.com)

The Connection between Meteoroids and Mass Whale Strandings

 Australia and New Zealand Cetacean Stranding, mass fish kills and mass bird deaths that are linked to Meteoric Airbursts, Impacts from Meteoroids and Panic Strandings due to Meteor Showers.

Author

Matthew Hooper

"The whale, the whale, the mighty and free;

Monarch and pride of the deep, deep sea."

Resources: Using NASA Satellite Data, Astronomical Journals, Newspaper Articles, Eyewitness Accounts, Diary Entries, Magazines and Journals.

Time Frame 184 years.

- Archeological evidence of whale stranding can be found worldwide. One in the USA, Charlton, Carolina dates back 30 million years of 17 whales.

- A meteor that lands at sea is called a “fish squisher”.

- No whales will be found in the Gulf Stream.

-Cetacean has its origins in Latin (Cetus) referring to a large sea creature and Greek (Ketos) meaning whale or sea monster.

- Having evolved around 50 million years ago, today whales separated into two distinct types - Mysticeti (baleen whales) and Odonotoceti (toothed whales). The baleen whales grouping are composed of the larger whales, such as the blue whale, humpback whale, bowhead whale and right whale. One notable exception is the toothed whale named the cachalot (sperm whale). The other toothed whales include all dolphins, porpoises and beaked whales. Beluga whales, oceanic dolphins, and narwhals also belong to this grouping.

Below is a second preliminary report time frame that is still under construction, and the full topics list will be in the full report.

Given time most of the missing information should be logged.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Conservation and management

Concussion and Panic

Forces behind bolides:

The data disparity

Time Frame - Events correlating strandings and other animal interactions to bolides:

The Earth/Water ratio

Examples and similarities of super bolides and their effects on animals and humans

Reactions with the sea or earth

Dispelling Other Theories that are true and false about strandings

Preventative measures

Health assessment and treatment

Scientific understanding

Education and public awareness

Policy and regulation

Collaborative efforts

Preliminary Findings.

Related environmental concequences

(Including bolide/plankton plume production cycle)

Historical meteor impacts on land and water.

Hypothetical Scenarios

Note: It is important to remember of what we don't see, how much debris is actually falling into the oceans. If we witness so much on land, which takes up a less than a third of the southern hemisphere, the other is an unknown quantity.

Introduction

The below three Incident Headings underly a straightforward pathway to Cetacean strandings. Whales seek shallow areas because of the fear of drowning through injury or the inability to dive for food due to injury. These are for Australia and New Zealand strandings only. In the Timeline I have added overseas events as much as I could but don't play out in the below three Incident Headings. Even though I can only deal with whale deaths that are validated in all likely hood airburst mortality is much higher, however these animals never strand and vanish into the depths of the oceans. This underlies this key statement; we have much to learn and are still very much in the blind. Finally, you will see large gaps in data years where nothing happens. This is not because strandings didn't occur it is because meteoroid data is unavailable, so connections cannot be made.

Note: Split strandings are either strandings over an extended period or a stretch of coastline. Clumping are whales bunched together, usually in a cove or bay. Electrophonic meteors emit VLF radio waves.

1. Meteor Showers: Clumping Strandings/Panic/Electrophonic Properties - These make up 45%

2. Airbursts: Clumping-Split/Decompression/Concussion/Electrophonic Properties - These make up 40%. Airbursts are the most complex due to their ability to manifest vast reactions and variations to the environment. Toothed and Baleen Whales.

3. Impacts: Split Strandings/Decompression/Concussion - These make up < 15%

Conservation and Management:

Understanding the underlying causes of whale strandings could lead to better conservation and management strategies. If human activities or environmental factors are identified as major contributors, steps could be taken to mitigate these influences and protect whale populations. If the assumptions made in this document prove to be correct the ramifications for understanding a small part of earths life cycle and ecology of the oceans would be greatly advanced. Whales form a crucial role in maintaining a healthy ocean and without their presence within its confines the ocean would be an unhealthy and crippled part of the world's environment.

The population of whales today is still way under what they should be.

If the meteoroid/whale stranding is found to be a convergence of events, it could have ramifications on many other ecological situations where different elements within the Earth's realm converge toward a single outcome, enhancing humankind's understanding of the world they live in.

Concussion and Panic:

Concussion

When a human being is diagnosed with a concussion, it can range from severe to mild. With rest and preventative measures, including a reduction in activities that could cause further injury, the person should recover. However, for a whale suffering from a concussion, there is a crucial difference. If a whale has been subject to concussion it will sink and this can be a major issue given the depth of water they are located in at that particular time. This is when death or injury can be sustained. A whale also needs to dive for sustenance, and it cannot rest because it would die of starvation. This is why cachalots come into shallow water for easy access to food, and consequently, they eventually strand due to starvation or exhaustion. Sometimes they come in extremely injured and die. If whales strand with carcasses stretched out along the beach, it indicates that a concussion has been the cause.

From my research on split stranding (which occurs when whales strand along a stretch of coastline, sometimes over several kilometers and even over hours or days), it is highly probable that pods have been subject to severe trauma. Toothed whales, unlike fish, breathe air, and it is highly likely that these creatures sink when concussed. If in deep water, the entire pod might descend to the bottom, never to be seen again. On the other hand, the damage might vary considerably throughout the pod. Some might sink to great depths while others resurface but are badly injured. The scenarios could range considerably, but I think this provides the reader with an idea of what might happen. There have been some strandings in the past that stand out as concussion-type events, and I believe it's important to highlight these occurrences. They appear to happen at a much lower rate than clumping-type strandings. This makes sense, as a very powerful source of impact or airburst would be needed to initiate such an event.

There have been times when cachalots have beached themselves, exhaling blood from their blowholes. This can only happen if they have been exposed at extreme depths for a long period of time. They could fall to the bottom at a few hundred meters. However, they might be concussed for an hour or two, or even more. The result would be a whale with terrible injuries. In the next event, a cachalot might be concussed and fall to a depth that surpasses their biological capabilities, let's say in the multiple kilometers. This would result in death, or a cachalot like in the first instance, exhibiting extreme injuries. As you can see, when you start putting these scenarios together, the idea that this could be the cause seems to make sense. Concussed strandings usually involve finding dead animals in remote regions where panic strandings seem to happen at certain places again and again. They wash up dead or almost dying upon beaching. There appears to be a real struggle to the finish line, as if stranding is the only option open to an animal that just wants to breathe, so beaching themselves in a way is just a way to rest. The whale has no energy, it's injured, and it needs solitude. The beach is the last port of call. Age would be a considerable factor in determining who might survive as well. This is probably why some whales survive out of a whole group. This confuses the rescuers or people trying to understand why. If certain individuals are at certain depths when the event happens, it would determine the resulting injury. So you have different grades within the survivors that make their way towards land. Some might be totally unaffected but follow the others. When they strand, the sick ones die quickly and the rescuers refloat the others that swim off without the social ties weighing them down, so to speak.

In my opinion, the mortality rate for these types of events is extremely high, and it's rare to have huge numbers come ashore in a concussed state. This is because if whales are exposed to such an event, the mortality rate is high, and making landfall is probably rare. When they do, it's almost always a horrible affair for both the whales and the people there to witness it.

Why are we only seeing whale strandings and no other species coming to a harrowing end? Good question. We are; we just haven't connected all the clues yet. During my research, I have found multiple instances of mass fish kills or die-offs. Mass bird deaths are not rare; they happen more frequently than we realize. Sometimes they happen simultaneously. It should be noted, and it's an important note, that concussion-type events (Airburts and Impacts) make up 55% of strandings and are easily distinguished from panic strandings. This is because of the injuries, many not seen, that break up the pod usually making them spread out along vast distances of the coast, unlike the clumping of panic strandings. They can sometimes show extreme blood loss when subject to depth injuries and hence this induces hemorrhaging. The Earth's surface is vast, and sometimes it takes weeks to months to observe the repercussions of a large meteoroid impact or airburst, which is more common. The time gap between events becomes apparent only when you start logging in the data, and that's when it starts to become clearer.

I presume there is a simple explanation as to why we see whale's strand. That's because they are large, robust creatures that are highly intelligent and extremely social. Given that they usually live in large groups, the entanglement of social empathy keeps the individual pushing to survive much longer than a fragile fish or a lone bird wandering the sky. And this underscores the deception of what we are witnessing. It's a hidden story, a mirage of tragedy out in the ocean that is only seen up close and at the end. We never see the beginning or middle.

Notes:

Types of injuries - Brain Injury. Echolocation Injury. Other types of injury like lung or heart injury. (See collaboration efforts below).

How long can animals stay in the sea in a serious condition?

Do they recover?

Can they recover?

Early intervention to have animals euthanized quickly.

Panic

Panic strandings are a slow process of mental pod breakdown or hysteria, and meteor showers seem to be the number one cause of this phenomenon. Usually, it is simply sheer bad luck, similar to a concussion, of being in the wrong place at the wrong time. It's a trap caused by land being in the way. In the open sea, whales and dolphins can maneuver around obstructive noise; however, when land becomes an obstacle, it results in disaster.

Can meteors produce sound, and is it possible to hear them?

Meteors and bolides are a captivating sight, filling us with momentary awe and sometimes temporary shock. These fleeting streaks of light serve as reminders that numerous small rocky objects and even tinier icy particles, most no larger than grains of sand, enter Earth's atmosphere every hour, every day. Most of them burn up in Earth's atmosphere and never reach its surface. Witnessing them is an enjoyable and exhilarating experience. But can we also hear meteors? Sometimes, following a meteor shower, people claim to have heard meteors as they disintegrate in the atmosphere. Some describe a low hissing sound, akin to the sizzle of bacon, when witnessing exceptionally bright meteors. So, what exactly are people hearing? It turns out these sounds are related to very low-frequency (VLF) radio waves.

For years, professional astronomers dismissed the idea of sounds from meteors but that has now changed. Typically, a meteor burns up about 100 km above the Earth's surface. Sound travels much more slowly than light. Consequently, we shouldn't be able to hear the rumblings of a particularly large meteor until several minutes after sighting it. It's analogous to hearing thunder after the lightning flashes have already occurred.

A meteor soaring 100 km high produces a boom approximately five minutes after its appearance—a "sonic" bolide-type explosion. The noise it generates is reminiscent of the sonic boom produced by an aircraft breaking the sound barrier.

However, some meteors appear to emit sound simultaneously with their visible presence. Is this possible? Yes, such meteors are known as electrophonic meteors. The explanation lies in their emission of very low-frequency (VLF) radio waves, which travel at the speed of light. While we can't directly hear radio waves, they can induce vibrations in physical objects on Earth's surface. These vibrations give rise to a sound that our ears may perceive as the sizzling sound of a meteor streaking by. Since VLF waves travel at the speed of light, observers hear them at the same moment they see the meteors pass overhead. VLF waves can penetrate seawater to depths of at least 10–40 meters (30–130 feet), depending on the frequency and water salinity, making them useful for communicating with submarines.

These observations are crucial because Black Dolphins exhibit intriguing diving behavior and so correspond closely to the sound behavior of meteors. The dolphins typically take several breaths before diving for a few minutes, with feeding dives occasionally extending beyond ten minutes. Although they can dive as deep as 600 meters, most of their dives occur at depths of 30–60 meters. Shallow dives typically occur during the day, while deeper ones take place at night. When conducting deep dives, pilot whales often sprint to capture fast-moving prey, such as squid. So most of their behavior, “relaxed day zone” is within the realm of the electrophonic meteor.

Electrophonic fireball sounds manifest in various forms, including sounding like a machine gun, popping, whooshing, singing, crackling, and sizzling. If pilot whales were subjected to prolonged exposure to a meteor shower, these sounds could be disconcerting. Notably, these sounds are usually heard before the fireballs reach their maximum brightness. Their frequency falls within the 37 to 44 Hz range, which is near the lower end of the average person's audible range, typically between 20 to 20,000 Hz. If you've ever driven at high speed with your back window open or heard a rocket flying through the air, you've likely encountered a 30-Hz sound.

Interestingly, VLF sounds detected via their VLF signatures can identify 50 times more meteors than sight alone. This underscores the significance of these auditory phenomena in understanding and studying meteors. As stated below and worth repeating: An average meteor might only have a 25 db sting to the ears however when you start multiplying these over hundreds and then thousands over hours and tens of thousands over weeks you can see how a dolphin with highly tuned echolocation could get incredibly tormented. One observer counted over 200,000 an hour and another 20 a second. At 25dp each the calculation is astronomical. Now times this by 50 and the average dolphin would be in a state of panic whose measure would be impossible to comprehend.

Notes:

Primarily caused by meteor showers, however meteoroid streams and slab falls/dark flight meteorites are also responsible. Large pods can split under stress. A lot of research is needed to understand if certain individuals in the pod are more likely to “panic” sending a social decay vibe through the pod. Does all the pod strand? Are females or males more prone to panic?

Reassuring rescuers that the natural cycle of “the stranding” is an important part of nature and without it the system breaks down. The fight to keep whale and dolphin numbers plentiful is a fight that will always need fighting for.

Research is also needed into euthanizing the sick animals quickly and return the fit whales back to habitat.

Forces behind Bolides: Natures Ramjets

A simple overview: Asteroids are large objects found throughout the solar system. They are enormous, with some reaching hundreds of kilometers in diameter. Occasionally, these asteroids break apart, giving rise to smaller meteoroids that enter Earth's atmosphere. These meteoroids come in various sizes and shapes. Their chemical makeup can vary, but typically consists of two main components: Iron/Nickel and Stony Irons, for simplicity's sake. Bolides can approach from almost any angle, with speeds varying significantly. However, a common scenario involves a meteoroid entering Earth's atmosphere at a 45-degree angle. Some meteoroids bounce off the atmosphere and reenter space, disappearing forever. There was a case where scientists believed a procession of bolides encircled the Earth at varying altitudes. I refer to these long-lasting airborne bolides as "Nature's Ramjets." Others get destroyed upon entry, while some descend like slabs (as I term them). You can find these events and historical incidents on my Twitter account.

Some meteors streak in rapidly and are deemed noteworthy events. The distinction between a meteoroid shower and a meteor shower is a technically misunderstood and underrepresented field in earth science. Meteor showers, like the well-known Perseids, are caused by comets. These showers consist mainly of benign dust particles and pea-sized objects, occasionally including larger ones. On the other hand, meteoroid showers are unpredictable and can occur at any time. Their origin lies in the asteroid belt, (but not always), where they typically reside until external forces act upon them. Jupiter's gravity and other planets play a role, as do internal collisions. Another factor, not yet discussed, is the perturbation caused by passing comets. In simple terms, this perturbation refers to a deviation in the path of an asteroid belt object due to the gravitational influence exerted by a passing comet. This influence propels or redirects the object from its usual trajectory, causing it to deviate from its inert path.

Comets literally drag these objects out of the asteroid belt, creating closely linked showers that have been somewhat obscured in modern history. As you will observe from events over the last 180 years, this historical oversight of bolides can be attributed to global events such as both world wars, extended intervals between events, event isolation, and the decline of natural warning systems, including stranded whales themselves. The final point is that if commercial whaling had not been prevalent for a significant portion of the past 180 years, humans might have recognized sooner the correlation between these events. Due to the low whale population, people failed to see the connection between bolides and whale strandings. Had whale numbers been unaffected, it's likely someone would have made the connection much earlier. During the peak of bolide activity in the last century, if whale numbers matched today's population density, thousands of individual whales would have died each year. The lack of numbers prevented anyone from identifying this natural process; however, it would have been apparent that something from above was causing these strandings.

At the end of the 1950s, super bolide activity declined in Australia and New Zealand. It remained quiet until 2015 when, in my opinion, the super bolide season recommenced. The duration of this resurgence is unknown. Some meteoroid streams will diminish or vanish completely with new ones taking their place. Others might be just going through quiet periods and with replenished debris will recommence activity. Where these will occur is anyone's guess with only time telling where and when. With the comets well on their way, we are poised for an eventful era.

I have observed that these meteoroid streams often provide warnings. The "rubble," so to speak, can extend for millions of kilometers. It is not uncommon for electrical interference to manifest days before a main body meteoroid appears as a violent super bolide. Occasionally, rocks simply plummet from the sky at terminal velocity. These streams can also fuel electrical storms that give rise to intense atmospheric reactions. This occurs when iron and other elements mix with water vapor and atmospheric gases. The result can be volatile components and the formation of fireballs—intense plasma clouds that are highly hazardous but generally benign (see below). Interestingly, it has been noted that rain sometimes falls on clear nights after a bolide sighting. This is due to the introduction of fine particles into the upper atmosphere. Water vapor is consistently present in the upper atmosphere, whether the skies are clear or not. At any given time, there is as much water vapor above the Sahara as there is over England.

To put it simply, bolides can be thought of as nature's atomic bombs, though with unparalleled forces. Many bolides surpass the destructive power of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Some go undetected due to their slow breakup during entry into the atmosphere. The Hiroshima bomb was equivalent to 15 kilotons of TNT. In 2013, the Chelyabinsk super bolide event exceeded 440 kilotons of TNT or 440,000,000 kg of TNT. This is a link to a mere 100,000 kg of TNT exploding. 

100 Tons of explosives (youtube.com)

It's like comparing the striking of a match to the detonation of a hand grenade. Such events were commonplace before 1960, during the peak of the bolide season.

To give you an idea of meteor speed. If a meteor traveling at 30 km a second passed over the North Coast of New South Wales, it would take 1 (One) minute to reach New Zealand's North Island. The world record observation of meteor speed was over 70 km a second. Secondly, the power of a meteor is simply immense. An object weighing just a kilo impacting the sea at 48 km a second is like dropping 75 fully loaded train carriages full of rock into the water at terminal velocity. That's a kilo; imagine something in the tons? Or you have a sonic boom, which has been known to cause terrible effects in humans, let alone whales and other fish species in the medium of water. Then you have fireballs that are created by meteor entry dynamics. These in themselves can explode in powerful detonations and electrical disturbances.

When I talk about a bolide going “slow,” I mean 10 to 15, even 20 kilometers per second. For reference of how fast that still is, here is a link of something going a mere 2.8 km a second. To me, that's standing still. But just imagine if it weighed 10 tons hitting the water or blowing up above the water.

Hypersonic sled travels at 6,599 mph (Mach 8.6) at Holloman Air Force Base (youtube.com)

This is when sonic booms turn into truly terrifying violence. A witness once described a bolide turning inside out, and that's a fair and apt description. They literally explode like popcorn, and when they do, the percussion, the detonation of a solid iron/nickel meteor, is a force that is unmatched in nature. The sonic boom literally folds over the meteoroid, causing a reaction like a whip cracking.

Speed is indeed our friend. The faster a bolide comes in, the more likely it will destroy itself when impacting Earth's atmosphere. The problem arises when they enter at slower speeds. A rock weighing tons can survive; they do survive often, and when they do, it's devastating to the sea community. When discussing meteoroids and what people see, it's important to add, and I will repeat this many times, that we live on a tiny strip of coastal land. The population of Australia is found in a line of sky sight maybe 500 km wide. That leaves an immense amount of land unmonitored. So what is happening outside this realm when the land/sea ratio is 1:2?

In conclusion, here is a final representation of these phenomena. When a bolide does cut a path through the atmosphere, it is essentially creating a particle accelerator that creates fireballs. These fireballs are a conundrum that has baffled scientists for decades. Because of their complexity, I will not go into what they are at this time. However, fireballs in their own right can be dangerous and sometimes benign. They have been known to explode with great force. To put it simply, it's an object called plasma mixed with elements from the meteoroid itself; a highly intense supercharged object, complex and not to be discounted in bolide activity. Fireballs are misunderstood and further represent what will be a magical show as the bolide season unfolds. It must be said that explosive bolides do seed the ocean with elements, so the question should also be asked: do these clouds sometimes bring something less than healthy with them? Further research is needed on this topic.

The data disparity:

Whale stranding data, combined with the decimation of the whale population resulting in the banning of whale hunting, seems to have muddled the figures and data revolving around the bolide/stranding issue. Whales strand. It has always been the case that this happens. Even through the extreme turmoil of whale hunting that decimated the population to the point of extinction, they held on through the sheer want to survive this horror. Seals, penguins, it was all butchered, it was a nightmare for them. Up to 1960, they had to also survive the bolides that must have taken an incredibly toll on all species, not only whales and dolphins. In a way, the bolides bring life, and I would say that if it had not been for the double-edged sword that bolide appearances bring, we would have had no whales at all (see plankton plumes below). The difficulty of finding information on bolides is the data blind of the Southern Ocean. How do you see what is going on? Satellites have been a valuable resource, and with detective work, you can use other environmental satellite data to observe ecological changes. They are limited though. Because of their design, they do not pick up the majority of bolides because they are calibrated to scan for lightning. Bolides are incredibly complex and do not behave like lightning. A case in point was in 2022 when a ship caught a bolide coming in south of Tasmania. It was never pinpointed by technology because the bolide tracker is trying to detect something it really doesn't understand. This is common, with an estimated 90% of bolides not detected. Newspaper archives can give fantastic results if you take Australia as a whole. If bolides are falling at the rates on land, they must be falling at the same rates at sea. Shipping logs would be helpful; however, obtaining these has been problematic. Weather radar systems are useful for close detection to the source; however, they are once again limited to a small area. Radar, though, can pick up trails left by bolides and meteors and can be very helpful in understanding flight paths and plumes left by them.

Time Frame - Events correlating strandings and other animal interactions to bolides:

I reduced this to conserve reading time and deliver key points. It reads basically on dates. Usually, the bolide then the strandings. Sometimes you get a mix due to overlaps in time delay. This will show why placing meteoroids and stranding events together wasn't seen before. To put it into an easily understood scenario it's like tripping in the bathroom and hitting your head and a week or two later, or more, being found dead hundreds of kilometres away in a lonely paddock. How could anyone know what killed you? It's a crime without a crime scene. These whales can sometimes show signs of sickness when a necropsy is performed. These results may be misleading in the fact that whales under stress are vulnerable to disease. Travelling hundreds to thousands of kilometres, limping towards land. I'm not saying this is the case all the time but should be taken into consideration.

I've also placed significant topics dates and incidents to show how volatile the atmosphere was at a certain time.

1860 November 24, South Australia, traveling south into Bass Strait. A slow dismantling bolide.

1860, Early December, South Australia, Kangaroo Island, Small dead whale at Nepean Bay. Poor season for whales.

1874, July 25, Time 5:27, Stanley - Circular Head. Meteor Impact. Seen from Latrobe 100 km away, traveling over Bass Strait going SSE. It did not burst. Seemed to hit water near Sawyers Bay and Brickmakers Bay just east of Stanley. Witnesses said it was a magnificent sight. Two other meteors came in later that evening.

1874, July 28, Tasmania, Australia, whale death, Leven River. 87 feet. 22 feet across the tail. Alive when entered river, showing no injuries such as harpoon or Orca attack.

1875, April 15, Victoria, Melbourne, BOLIDE BURST, HIGH ALTITUDE AEROLITE, Time 12:17am, Travelling W.S.W. to E.N.E over Bass Strait. Crossed entire sky. Motion slow. High altitude meteoroid. It was described as "An Earthquake from the sky, “Appeared to rise from the ocean itself.” “A ball of fire rise as if from the water." One dull thud when it broke apart then three distinct and heavy explosions were heard, that diminished in size every time. Distinct white nucleus with blue surrounding it. Trailing behind were five to six star like objects. Seen all over colony. Dancing, medium skimming. It was seen in Robe South Australia.

1875, April 18. Tasmania, Half Moon Bay, Maria Island. 49 Black Dolphins. This stranding was witnessed coming to shore on sandy beach. They were all about 20 feet long. I think they were false killer whales by the description of a sperm whale-type head.

1883, June 20. Queensland, St Lawrance. Time 9:45 am. AIRBURST/HIGH ALTITUDE. In a clear sky a cannon fire sounded. Heard over the circumference of 160 km. The rumbling lasted 30 seconds.

1883, June (Late). Queensland. The remains of a rare specimen of whale was washed ashore at Townsville.

1889, February 12. South Australia. LARGE METEOR. Time 8:13. Traveling S.W to E.S.E. Appeared 10 degrees above S.W horizon travelling a little above Southern Cross. Disappeared 5 degrees above clouds of Mt Lofty Ranges. Looked like an oval flame that had the longest diameter of half a degree east and west. Visible for 10 seconds. Seen Montefiore Hill and Adelaide. 200km to the north at Port Pirie they saw it longer from start to finish. It was described as going slow at uniform height for 20 seconds not descending at all. At Truro east of Adelaide, it had a long tail travelling east and south of town. It had some sparks flying off it but not many. Description from Kupunda: Notwithstanding that the moon was shining brightly at the time, the light of the Queen of the Night was nothing in comparison with the brilliance of the meteor while it lasted.

1889, February 13. Victoria. BOLIDE BURST. Time 9pm. Appeared N.W of Melbourne travelling horizontally north to east.

1889, February 14. South Australia, Time 10:40. Long rumbling lasting 30 seconds.

1889, May 9 (Reported). South Australia, Point Browne, 50 miles from Streaky Bay. Mass fish deaths. Extraordinary numbers of fish floating at sea of all species. Huge numbers washed up on beaches. Spotted by crew of Grace Darling enroute from Eucla to Port Adelaide.

1895, June 1, New Zealand, Masterston, North Island, S.E. LARGE METEOR, Appeared in northern sky.

1895, June 18. New Zealand, Poverty Bay, East Coast, North Island. Large Meteor in the southern sky. Time 9pm.

1895, July, Early, before 9. New Zealand, Kaipara Beach, East Coast of North Island. 27 Cachalots. 30 to 50 feet in length. Blamed on westerly gales. Kaipara Head. They lay over a span of 3.2 km of coast. PCTE.

1898, September 20, New South Wales, Stroud and Dungog, Just north of Newcastle. BOLIDE BURST, exploded with great force.

1898, September 23. New South Wales, Between Crowdy Head and Harrigton. Large black whale. 35 feet long, 12 feet wide.

1899, March 3. New South Wales, Belligen, Bellinger Heads, Bundgen Headlands. SUPER BOLIDE, EXTREMLY VIOLENT BOLIDE BURST. Time 12 midnight. A brilliant meteor of very great magnitude was observed travelling in a north-easterly direction. Probably entered the atmosphere Goulburn National Park 322km S.E of Belligen. Seen at Harden 623km south of Belligen. Which is just N.W. of Canberra. It was seen at Maitland. Here they saw it in the N.W sky. The flash lasted 30 seconds and the town was said to be bathed in electric light. Seen in the southern sky at Armidale. At Bellinger Heads, the meteoroid was travelling NE to SW over the coast, 30km south of Coffs Harbor. The object probably swung or curved through its flight due to pressure variations which took the strain allowing it to stay intact longer than it should have. It was followed by three heavy explosions. Strong vibrations. Mass Fish Deaths and fish disruption over 10 km inland along Bellinger River. Dead fish were reported washed along 10km of the coast the next day, some rather large ones.

1905, February 7. South Australia, Eudunda. BOLIDE BURST. Time 5:40. Traveling west to east. It had a bright tail of light attached to it.

1905, February 8. Tuesday Evening. South Australia, Kersbrook. HIGH ALTITUDE BOLIDE BURST. Time 5:46. Towards the south. Traveling NW to SE. People thought it was a comet because it moved so slowly. One witness said it was floating through space and the setting sun made it look like a dazzling opal. Seen at Jamestown 200km north of Adelaide where it was shaped like a kite.

1905, February 27. Victoria, Sorento, back beach. Southern right Whale. Decomposing. Been at sea a while. 60 feet long.

1911, January 3rd, South Australia. SUPER BOLIDE. Crossed Bass Straight. Violent.

1911, January 8, New Zealand, Wellington. BOLIDE BURST. Time 8:32. Travelling N to S. North Western sky. Travelled through 60 degrees of sky before dismantling into 3 parts.

1911, January 21, Tasmania, Time 8:21pm. BOLIDE BURST. Travelling west to south. Left stream of light lasting 10 minutes. Estimated to fall in Southern Ocean.

1911; February 10; Tasmania, (N.W) Perkins Island, Duck River, Stranded 37 Cachalots; Died 37; Survived 0; All bulls but one, average length 35 ft. Range 30 to 50 feet. The lone female was centrally positioned in the stranded group. Between thirty and forty feet in length, and lay within a sixty yards radius. Lying, four in a row, a little irregularly, head to tail. Only three at the end are somewhat separate. By February 16 the oil seeping from them kept the water smooth 3miles from shore. By February 19 the whales had burst open. One report said there were 38, not 37 and that they were all bulls. Older males reach over 50 feet and females rarely over 40 feet so this shows pod was only two-thirds fully grown.

1911, March 24, Tasmania, Hobart. Bolide Burst.

1911, June 20. South Australia, Large Meteor. Balaklava. Time 9pm. Travelled east to west.

1911, June 22 (Found), New Zealand, North Island east, Te Ari Bluff (beach). 150 Black Dolphins stretching over 5 km of beach. Split Stranding. 15 to 30 feet and upwards. Good condition. Had some injuries. Alive when found. Some took days to die. PCTE

1912, July 21, New South Wales, Australia, Bolide at sea.

1912, July, New South Wales, North of Burril Lake entrance. Whale 60 feet long.

1912, July, New South Wales, Eden, Large dead whale washed ashore.

1917, 14 July, New Zealand, Timaru, Wellington and Invercargill. Tasman Sea off South Island. EXTREME BOLIDE BURST. Time 10:55pm. Seen in places 770km apart. Four distinct flashes.

1917, July, New South Wales, Crowdy Head. Large whale washed ashore.

1917, July 14. South Australia. A whale 30ft and 8 to 10 feet in girth. Had been stranded near the Cape Banks Lighthouse, on the south-western coast since Saturday.

1917, September 26. Tasmania. A 60 foot whale (known as the fin-back or sulphur bottom) stranded in Bass Strait, on Waterhouse Island (N.E. Coast), on Wednesday morning.

1917, November 12. New Zealand. Auckland. Seen in western sky above Tasman Sea. BOLIDE BURST. Time 10pm. Explosion heard from meteor that dismantled twice in large bursts of light.

1917, November, Tasmania, Cloudy Bay, Bruney Island, South East. 120 - 130 Black Dolphins.

1918, January 31. New Zealand, Balelutha, S.E South Island, LARGE METEOR. Travelling west.

1918, February 13. New Zealand, North of Auckland, Bolide Burst. Time 3:30am. Crossed over northern tip of North Island. Orbital break up of meteoroid. Large body entered atmosphere in flames preceded by a smaller piece. Both detonating at high altitude.

1918, February 16, New Zealand, Masterton. North Island S.E. Time 7:45 pm. Bolide Burst. travelling North. Traversed the sky.

1918, February 26. New Zealand, Whitewash Head, Christchurch, South Island. Bolide Burst. Time 7:45pm. Travelling East.

1918, February 28. New Zealand, Ashburton, South Island east coast. Time 9:45 pm. Large Meteor. travelling N.W.

1918, March 7, New Zealand, South Island. Large Fireball. Steep angle fireball. Fell between Timaru and Watlington.

1918, March 13. New Zealand, North Canterbury, South Island. Large Meteor. Time 7:45, Traveling west. Exploded then bluish tail went westward.

1918, March 29, New Zealand, West North Island, Bayleys Beach near Dargaville. 25 Black Dolphins. 25 to 45 feet long. 23 of them were laying close together.

1918, April, New Zealand, REPORT: Meteoritic swarm, appearing as aerolite cloud. Originating from the constellation Scorpio. “There are both meteor streams, comets and asteroids in our vicinity. Unusually abundant and coming more and more into evidence.”

1918, April 2, New South Wales, Adelong and East NSW. Large meteors travelling east. One looked like a comet covering the whole eastern sky.

1918, April 6, South Australia, Angaston, Unknown Explosion. Time 7:25pm.

1918, April 23, New Zealand, GREYMOUTH, West South Island. Large Meteor. Time:11 p.m.

1918, June 4. New Zealand, Christchurch. Bolide Burst. Time 5:40 pm. Travelling west fragmenting. Exploded at least twice before fragmentation flight The tail was blue and was seen hanging in the sky for 6 minutes afterwards. It was seen over 200 km to the north and 180 km away on the west coast at Greymouth.

1918, July 18. New Zealand. Temuka, South Island, central east coast. Bolide Burst. Tail light lasted 20 seconds. Fell out at sea.

1918, July 29, New Zealand, Orongorongo, Cook Strait. Two whales, each 30 feet in length.

1918, July 29, New Zealand, Toro, Three more whales stranded. This is further round the coast from above stranding.

1918, (month unknown), Chatham Islands (Rēkohu) Long Beach, east of New Zealand. 1000 Black Dolphins. Largest known stranding in the world to date.

1919, April 29. Victoria, Ingelwood. DEAD EAGLE/BOLIDE BURST. Described as a silver comet. 150km N.W of Melbourne. Western Victoria, was recorded on April 29, 1911, and is mentioned in the "Australian Monthly Weather Report" for that month. From Inglewood the phenomenon was described as a "silver comet," but for some miles around Beaufort and Elmhurst a loud explosion, resembling a bad volley by four cannons, was heard by many residents. At Hickman's Creek a farmer, looking up immediately he heard the noise overhead, detected a dark object falling from a great height. This proved to be an eagle which was dead, although still warm when it reached the ground. A close examination of the skin and gullet of the bird failed to indicate that it had been shot or choked, and it was concluded that death was caused by the violent concussion due to the bursting of the meteorite. The meteor left a trail that came as low as 32 kilometers and went up to 60km.

1924, May 18, New South Wales, Upper portion Wonora River, 27km S.W of Sydney. Time 5pm. Bolide Burst/Meteor Impact. Flight direction S.W. The meteor exploded a few times leaving a smoke trail that lasted 10 minutes. Sounded like wood cracking. Seen as far north as Gosford 50 km north of Sydney. The Sydney Observatory said it fell into the Tasman Sea and no noise was heard there however this observation was to the north.

1924, June – October. Tasmania, 3 miles beyond Anson's Bay. 25 miles from St Helens. 77 Black Dolphins. Length ranged from 13 to 20 feet. From a distance they resembled a small landslide. Even after some months they were preserved in rather good condition.

1928, March 30, Western Australia, BOLIDE BURST. Violent, Indian Ocean, west of Busselton. Time 7:10pm. Travelling W.S.W. Left a luminous tail like a comet for 7 minutes after. A huge fiery Z was left in the sky. The meteor started from a point below the constellation of Orion and to the left of the Hyades. It was seen over 320km north west of Busselton. The meteor itself was described as the soft, stoney variety. Seen at Rivervale, Applecross wireless station, Mosman Bay tea rooms, Fremantle and Guildford.

1928, April 10. Western Australia, Albany, Middleton Beach. Mass stranding of 50 Oblong Sunfish - ranzania truncata (Smaller species of the Giant Sunfish or Mola Mola). 2 feet long.

1929, June 24, Western Australia, Indian Ocean west of Perth, Bolide Burst, violent.

1929, June 30, Western Australia, west of Bunbury just south of Perth, Bolide Burst/Possible Meteor Impact, Extreme, sonic boom heard, three explosions. It seemed to fall into Indian Ocean.

1929, June 30, Bolide Burst Extreme. Southern Ocean SSW of Albany. The light from this event was seen over 1000 kilometers away as big as the full moon. Exploded three times and left a trail seen for 15 minutes.

1929, July 27? Western Australia, Rockingham. Humpback Calf whale, 10 tons. 25 feet.

1929, July 7, Western Australia. Large Bolide Burst, violent, meteor explodes inland over southern WA, shook houses.

1929, July 13, New Zealand, Bolide Burst. Tasman Sea. Explosion west of Farewell Spit.

1929, August 27, Tasmania, Australia, Bass Straight, Sisters Island, small whale washed ashore. Between Rocky Cape and Boat Harbor.

1929, (Check Date?). Tasmania, N.W, Circular Head area. 70 to 90 Dolphins. Small enough to be carried to water. Five of them 9 feet long and therefore to heavy to carry and died.

1929, September, Western Australia, Meelup Beach, Busselton, south of Perth, mass stranding of pod of Gadamu's (Tursiops) bottlenose dolphins.

1929, October 29. New South Wales, Bulli Beach. Many whales seen.

1929, October 5, new south wales, northern coast. Bolide Burst/Electrophonic Meteor/ Meteor Impact. Extremely Violent. Time 4.20 a.m. Travelling ENE. A severe disturbance was felt in the Clarence River district. At Coramba what was regarded as an earthquake shock was felt. A bright light was seen in the sky, followed by a rumbling lasting a minute. Windows were shaken. Similar reports have been received from Glenreagh, where eyewitnesses expressed the opinion that it was a meteor. The light of the meteor was seen over many kilometres of country, at least from the Hastings to the Clarence, and the shock was felt throughout the whole of Coffs Harbour and district, even to Glenreagh and Eastern Dorrigo. At Coramba it appears to have been almost as pronounced as at Coffs Harbour. The great ball of fire fell into the sea not far north of Coffs Harbour. It is reported that at Bucca Creek the shock was so great that crockery and glassware was shaken from shelves and smashed. Major shaking and tremors. Came in fast and at a low angle 50km from the coast over Bellinger National Park. Percussions are just as bad at Coramba 15km inland as at the coast. At Bellingen Hospital 40km from where the meteor crossed the coast all nurses and patients received electric shocks. One nurse had to remain resting for some time it was that severe. At Bucca Creek, items in homes were smashed. The meteor hit sea off Coffs Harbor near Solitary Island. Mass fish deaths 20km north and south over a week. Fish deaths for two weeks at Bundagen Heads. Strange flakes of flakey sand washed ashore in that period. Suggests it hit the ocean floor or at least the shock wave did. At Raleigh, Grafton it was reported as the same, great illumination, tremor, shock, vibrations and sonic boom. (See 1899 for a similar event)

1929, October 8, New Zealand, Godley Head Lighthouse, Bolide Burst/ Meteor Impact, nearly hit lighthouse and impacted the sea. Shook the lighthouse and scared the family when it came within a stones throw.

1929, October 14, SW Western Australia, BOLIDE BURST, violent, sonic boom, inland earth tremor.

1929, November, New South Wales. Mass Fish Deaths, blamed on heat.

1929, November, SEVERE BOLIDE AIRBURST, Coral Sea, South of New Caledonia. Violent.

1929, December 17? New South Wales, Brighton. Large whale washed ashore.

1930, January, Bird Deaths in Victoria, Shearwaters, thousands dead and dying, live ones seemed concussed. All the way to Cape Le Grande and many miles west of Esperence. Event linked to the above airburst south of New Caledonia.

1930, April 7, Western Australia, Wagin. METEOR IMPACT/ ANIMAL DISTURBANCE (Confirmed Fall - See PDF)). Meteorite fall. Time 2pm. Violent. Meteorite found 25km NE from Wagin in 1937. Impact felt in locations 200km apart.

From the farm south the noise was so loud that horses and cattle rushed about in alarm. Master's also reported this. This effect upon stock and poultry was also noticed in Wagin

1930, April 11, Bass Strait, BOLIDE BURST, Time 19:59. Large meteor seen from Melbourne travelling east to SW. It was so large people thought it was a comet exploding.

1930, May, Tasmania, Australia, Near Wynard lighthouse, Dead whale 80 feet long. Second one.

1930, July 21, New South Wales, Monday morning. Time 3:20 - 25. Travelling low and west to East. Off North Coast. Violent, Tasman Sea. EXTREME BOLIDE BURST, METEOR IMPACT/ELECTROPHONIC PROPERTIES/ANIMAL DISTURBANCE. Time 3:30pm. Extreme. Sonic boom and tremor. Low altitude passing. Detonation shook houses and scared animals. Observed in places over 300 km apart. Electrical interference, violent tremor. Felt 10km inland. The shaking and brilliant light was felt and seen over towns 113km apart. Dull thud heard on impact. Thunderous sound for over 90 seconds. Described as revolving rugby ball. The meteoroid broke into there to four pieces that stayed grouped together. At Brisbane cats ran for lives as people watched it descend from sky. At this distance they saw it only split into two. About five minutes later the detonation was heard. Towns in NSW and QLD – Southport, Nerang, Springbrook, Tallebudgera, Mudgeeraba, Nerang, Merrimac, and Burleigh Heads, Tweed Heads and Coraki. At Billinudgel three different meteoroids were observed. The first one was the (above) and most eventful at 3:25am. Sonic boom occurred 3 minutes after sighting. The explosion was heard as far away as Lismore, and houses were shaken over the area from Byron Bay to Murwillumbah. The fragments appeared to fall into tho sea between The Caves and Cudgen Headlands. Four and a half hours later, just after 8am, one crashed into sea south off Cook Island west of Point Danger. Then a larger one came in at 10am. Fish washed up dead after incident.

1931, Febuary 28, Western Australia, Lagrange. Bolide Burst, Violent.

1931, February 28, Western Australia, Whistler Creek, dead whale washed ashore.

1933, July 25, New South Wales, Wagga Wagga. FIREBALL/ METEOR IMPACT. Time late afternoon. Travelling west to the southeast. Landed between the pumping station and powerhouse. Shape of a comet with a tapering tail and a explosion was quite consistent with its being a meteorite impact.

1933, August 4, New South Wales. BOLIDE BURST/ELECTROPHONIC PROPERTIES. Time 7:15. Seen from locations in Sydney and 200km NW inland at Wellington it travelled N.E. breaking into two. Seen at Wagga and Junee. Described as an aeroplane dropping fire. Flight time of 30 seconds. Seen at Henty, Oura, Yerong Creek. Seen at Gulgong its path was from the northern to the eastern sky. At Lithgow it had a strange effect on radio sets. At Newcastle it was traveling N.E. At Nobbys Light House it was travelling S.W to N.W.

1933, October 9. New South Wales, Mount Kosciusko. METEOR IMPACT. Loud explosion and severe shake.

1933, October 15, New South Wales, Eden, Two-Fold Bay beaches North and South, mass fish deaths, Pilchards, cuttle fish.

1933, November 12. New South Whales, Angourie, Yamba. 12 foot whale washed ashore.

1933, December 27. Queensland, Southport. Large Black Dolphin stranded and died. 13 feet 6 inches long. Girth 8 feet. Weight 1.25 tons.

1934, September 25, Large Meteor seen in Tasman Sea.

1934, October 29 Newcastle, dead and dying birds. The waded ashore basically, exhausted and died. Sounds like they got hit by percussion or food source was demolished by airburst or impact.

1934, October 30, BOLIDE BURST, Large bolide seen in the Tasman Sea.

1934, November, Australia, Bass Straight, Dead Shearwaters Birds. NSW Maroubra to Wollongong dead and dying birds. At Ballina dead birds.

1934, November, Tasmania, Barren Island. Dead birds by the thousands.

1935, May 29, South Australia, Kangaroo Island. BOLIDE BURST. Violent, sonic boom, travelling SE over sea towards Bass Strait.

1935, June 27, New South Wales, Woolgoolga. METEOR IMPACT. Pasted north from coast out into the Tasman Sea. Witnessed said it was like giant searchlight that lit indoors.

1935, July 8. Queensland, Innisfail. Fireball emitting blue flame. Fell in the eastern sky moving slowly into the sea.

1935, July 10, Queensland, Mackay, decomposing whale washes up.

1935, July 12. New South Wales, Young. BOLIDE BURST. Loud explosion violently shook town after multiple sonic booms.

1935, July 15, Victoria, Angelsea, Hobsons Bay, Point Addis. 45 feet long. Dead a while, large gash. Had been dead a while.

1935, August 3. Victoria, crossed coast west of Warrambool. METEOR. Travelling N.E to S.W into Southern Ocean. Approximatly 220km west of King Island.

1935, October, 6, Tasmania, Flinders Island, Bass Strait. Single whale dead, south end of Marshall Beach near Emita.

1935, October 12. BOLIDE. Seen from coast breaking up in Bass Strait.

1935, October 14, Tasmania, Stanley, East Inlet, Tatlow's Beach, 300 Black Dolphins, 4 to 25 feet. Wounds, injured. Out of 194 examined there were 80 males and 114 females. Calm night, light southerly wind. Spread out over a acre from the shore to about 800 meters to the sea. Most together at Tatlow's Beach however some were scattered over several miles towards the beaches east. Largest male specimen was 589 cm. Smallest specimen was a male of 231 cm. A female fetus was 102 cm.

1936, January 23. BOLIDE BURST/ METEOR IMPACT, Impacted Southern Ocean 240 km south of Robe in South Australia–Victorian border region, 256km SW of Warrnambool. Approximate impact point (-39.50, 139) off continental shelf.

1936, March 1. Tasmania, Ulverstone. Porpoise 15 feet long stranded. 50 miles east of Stanley.

1936; March 8; Tasmania, Australia; Stanley, East Inlet; Cachalot, Stranded 1; Died; 48 ft long. 30 feet in circumference. Tail 12 feet. Stranded in 4 feet of water still alive. Next morning it had moved into channel and later became high and dry.

1936, March 21, Tasmania, South, North and East of island ablaze with meteors.

1936, May 29, Tasmania, West Inlet Beach. Tasmania, Australia, west of Stanley, 21 False Killer Whales. Separated stranding, 12 and 3.5 km away another 9. Average length 10 feet. (PCTE). Largest was a male 482 cm and smallest was a female. 251.5 cm. Majority of pod regained freedom.

1936, May 30, Tasmania, Adventure Bay, 100+ Flase Killer Whales.

1936, June 1, Tasmania, Australia, Stanley, Walkers Island (Small Island above Robins Island, 20 km west of Stanley), 20 False Killer whales, this happened a few days after last stranding. Ranged from 10 to 24 feet. This is in all likely hood part of the May 29 event.

1936, June 7, Tasmania, Australia, Robins Island, 124 False Killer whales, they were not discovered until a week after last stranding. Grand total: 165 False Killer whales.

1937, June 22. Tasmania, Dilston, East Tamar, North Tasmania. BOLIDE BURST. Meteor streaked across the sky from the North-East in the direction of the South-East. After travelling a short distance it burst into a number of lights.

1937, June 22. Western Australia, Osborne Park. TWO METEORS. Time 7pm. 1. Seen in S.W sky. 2. One seen in northern sky traveling S.W.

1937, June 23. Western Australia, Dongara. BOLIDE BURST. Seen 160km south. Trail left for 20 minutes. Travelled into Indian Ocean.

1937, June 26. Tasmania, Ringarooma, N.E Tasmania. BOLIDE BURST. Time between 5:20 and 5:30. Described as a ball of fire. It left a zig-zag trail for 35 minutes.

1937, July (Early) Western Australia, Shark Bay. Dead Fish - all species. Reports came in those beaches on the east coast of Dirk Hartog Island from the South Passage to the Coyne. 20Km, 3 feet deep in places.

1937, July 28. Tasmania, West Beach, Circular Head. 80 to 100 False Killer Whales came ashore. Half a dozen became stranded the others escaped. Animals were 12 to 18 feet in length.

1937, July, (Month not known exactly), Tasmania, Stanley, Black Dolphins, 7 at West Inlet, another 51 on Perkins Island. PCTE.

1937, October. Western Australia, Dongarra. Young whale 45 feet long.

1937, October. Western Australia, Geraldton. Larger whale washed ashore.

1939, April 4. New Zealand, Taupo, North Island. BOLIDE BURST. Large meteor exploded causing residents to think volcano had erupted. Long rumbling heard for somewhile after.

1939, April 8, New Zealand, Chatham Islands. Stranding of 12+ Black Dolphins. In photo there was at +12.

1944, August 17, South Australia, BOLIDE, travelling SW towards continental shelf.

1944, October 5th, South Australia, Primes Beach near Two Wells, near Dublin on beaches between Port Parnham and Port Gawler 200 Black Dolphins. Split stranding, 250 then 50. Total 300. Some of the whales were more than 16 feet in length. Spread over over more than 8 km of coast. PCTE

1947, February 18, Western Australia, Hamelin Pool. SUPER BOLIDE BURST. Time 9:35. Landed SE of town after 45 degree flight. (33 days after the previous incident on January 16) Shark Bay. Suddenly in the south-east there was a blinding flash, but no noise. The eastern sky was brilliantly lit for two minutes. At least five minutes later there was an earth-rocking shock which was felt over a radius of 160 km. The fireball fell in an uninhabited country to the east of Hamelin Pool. It was heard at Yaringa North. Ajana, and 88 km further on from Hamelin Pool. An explosion was heard over 100 km away. Flight time two minutes. The town was illuminated for two minutes. Five minutes later an explosion was heard. Described as a severe shock at Hamelin Pool.

1947, June 22, Western Australia. 35 foot whale found at Hamelin Bay.

1949, August 10, Victoria, Melbourne. Time 9:55. Meteor travels in from Bass Strait. Described as a large green ball if fire. Seen in many suburbs.

1949, August 19, Australia, Victoria, The Nobbies, 30 foot whale, washed up on rocks near Summerland Beach on rocks at Port Phillip Island.

1949, New Zealand, meteoroid stream travelling east into Tasman Sea.

1949, September 28, New South Wales, Black Head, 115 km north of Newcastle. Black Whale with pretty white markings on head.

1949, November 19, South Australia, BOLIDE BURST, seen in daylight it impacted the sea south of Victor Harbor.

1950, January 16, Australia, Tasmania, Swansea, Below Bayview Hotel, Three 16 foot whales, two alive when stranded. All died.

1950, February, Australia, Tasmania, Flinders Island, Sellar's Point, Flinders Island. 40 feet long, 11.5 feet wide.

1950 February 13. New Zealand, large meteroid flying across Tasman Sea travelling NE. Described as large as full moon.

1950, February 24 (Newspaper report). Tasmania, Flinders Island, North East Coast, Cellar Point. Patriarch River. Split mass stranding of two pods. 50 to 70 Orca over 32 km of coast line. 11 to 40 feet long. One Orca was found in a creek.

1950, April 24. Bass Strait. LARGE METEROID. Daytime high altitude meteoroid travelling west over Bass Strait. Flight time was for several minutes and crossed sky.

1950, April 27. South Australia, Gilberton. FIREBALL. Time 9pm. Pale gold meteor that left a trail for five minutes. Another was seen in the afternoon sometime of this week.

1950, April 29. South Australia, Adelaide. METEOR. Time Shortly after midnight.

1950, Victoria, High altitude bolides over 3 weeks.

1950, May 28. Victoria, Portland, Cape Bridgewater, 56 foot Cachalot washed ashore.

1950, November 13. Western Australia. LARGE METEOR. Time 10:30. Traveling N. At first it was green then turned red before flashing purple and blue flame that illuminated a large portion of the sky before exploding. Seen from places as far apart as Scarborough, Busselton, Gingin, Bunbury, Busselton and Northam.

1950, November 14, BOLIDE BURST. violent over Indian Ocean west of Perth.

1950, November 15, Western Australia, near Esperance. Past Newtown Jetty, 15 foot long.

1953, January 2, Victoria, Bolide, East. Meteoroid stream from Queensland down to Tasmania, lasted a year.

1953, January 8, Victoria BOLIDE BURST, violent, Bass Straight. 4 minute breakup, travelling east to west.

1953, January, 1 to 21, almost every night high altitude meteors reported traveling west.

1953, February 4, Bass Strait fish kill. 100 km long, took ship five hours to steam through it. Salt water species, Gabo Island and Wilsons Promontory.

1953, February 20. Queensland, Charters Towers. Time 4:35. Wall of fire. A straight reddish line of fire. It travelled in from a southerly direction. The trail red and stayed in sky glowing for 5 minutes.

1953, February 21, New South Wales, Bondi, north and south beaches as well. Mass fish deaths.

1953, February 25, New South Wales, Coffs Harbor, Mass fish deaths and even sea horses.

1955, February 7, New Zealand, BOLIDE BURST, violent airburst over Southern Alps. Traveling SW to NE. Came in from Tasman Sea. Above Mt Scarface.

1955, February 28, Western Australia, Augusta, mile from Flinders. 14 foot Pygmy Cachalot (badly mutilated) along with large dead marlin. Large mass fish kill as well. The whales flipper was found at Hardys Inlet the day of below finding. (PCTE).

1955, March 14, Western Australia, 11 Days after last stranding. 5 whales Not Pygmy's (Species Unknown) scattered along 13 km of beach. (PCTE).

1955, April 21, Victoria, Anglesea, near port Roadknight. 69 foot whale.

1955, May 11, New Zealand, Paraparaumu, 50 km from Wellington, 17 Orca (Killer Whales). The whales range from 8ft to 19ft in length.(PCTE).

1955, July 5, Western Australia, Manjimup, South Coast. Found near Black Point. Between Donnellys Creek and Warren River. 15 to 22 feet long. 45 Calf Whales, False Orcas. Stranding stretched out over 2 km. (PCTE).

1958, April 12, New Zealand, Auckland. BOLIDE BURST. Time 8.20 p.m. Traveling East to West.

1958 NOTE: In June at least 10 to 12 whales are going through Cook Straight a day.

1958, June 19, New Zealand, West of Auckland, 20 miles north of Muriwai. 13 Humpback Whales, some of them 40ft long, were found lying dead on the beach. They were scattered over an area of about a half a mile. The whales were found by two Waimauku settlers. It is not uncommon to find dead whales on this beach but this is the largest number reported in recent years.

1958, July 12. New Zealand. Rangiora, North of Christchurch. BOLIDE BURST. Time 12:08am. Traveling South to North.

1958, August 11. New Zealand, Christchurch. BOLIDE BURST.

1958, August 13. New Zealand, Ashburton, south of Christchurch. BOLIDE BURST. Time 7:55pm. Traveling East to West.

1958, September 19, Tasmania, King Island, Surprise Bay, Seal Bay, 50 Black Dolphins, Calves up to 20 foot adults.

1962, December 13, New South Wales. METEOR IMPACT. Fireball fell into Lake George 30km NE of Canberra. The fireball struck the water off Gearys Gap causing's fish to die from the center to the sides.

1962, December 22. Fisheries reported a mass fish kill over 23km stretch of Lake George.

1963, July 23, South Australia, (Possible CTE). METEOR IMPACT(Confirmed). Off coast into Great Australian Bight. Massive roar and explosion at sea in Great Australian Bight off west South Australian coast. Two weeks later Orca or False Killer stranding August 7 below. (Documentation of event).

1963, July 31, South Australia, Mt Drummond, Port Lincoln. METEOR IMPACT. Time Sundown. Second in less than 9 days. Impacted sea off Mt Drummond in Great Australian Bight. Described as glowing like the sun. It was reported going over Kapinnie 10km from the coast. The explosion was heard at Port Lincoln 100 km away. Described as a giant object glowing like the sun that exploded with a terrific roar.

1963, August 7. South Australia, Near Eucla, Western Australia-South Australia Border. Discovered nearly 9 km east of Eucla. The animals consisted of 59, Orca/False Killer whales that are presumed beached after the July 23 event above. The sexes ranged from 35 females and 24 bulls. The largest was 18 and a half feet long. Weight was 1 and a half tons. They all had 34 teeth each. Good state of preservation and no signs of physical injury. They were scattered along nearly 5 kilometers of sandy coastline. They we found by grazier Harvey Gurney, of Eucla, who saw the whales while mustering. PCTE.

1964, NEW ZEALAND BANS WHALING

1978, NEW ZEALAND PROVIDES PROTECTION OF ALL MARINE MAMMALS

1978, COMMERCIAL WHALING BANNED IN AUSTRALIA.

1979, AUSTRALIA ENDS WHALING IN TERRITORIAL WATERS.

1980, January 26, BOLIDE BURST, over Bass Straight.

1980, February (early). South Australia, Proper Bay. Beaked Whale. Female 5m long. Found opposite the shacks at Tulka.

1980, February 13. South Australia, Adelaide. BOLIDE BURST/MULTIPLE FIREBALLS. A number of objects fall over a period of 30 minutes.

1980; March; Tasmania; South of Trial Harbour; Cachalots, stranded 3; Died 3; Survived 0; Decomposing corpses of three animals.

1986, WHALING BANNED.

1992, September 13, Queensland, Burke. BOLIDES large.

1992, September 13, New South Wales, Canberra, Australia, BOLIDES large.

1992, September 13, Tasmania, Australia, BOLIDES large.

1992, September 19. South Australia, Farm Beach. Minki Whale, 4m long. Successfuly refloated.

1992, September 25, Tasmania, Australia, 10km north of Bicheno, 200 Black Dolphins. They were stretched out over 200 m of beach. 3^rd beaching in 12 months.

1992, October 16, NSW – Queensland border. Meteor shower lasting several minutes.

1992, October 8 (Check Date), Tasmania, Macquarie Heads, near Strahan. 76 Black Dolphins dead.

1992; October; Tasmania; Strahan; Cachalots, Stranded 12; Died 10; Survived 2.

1999, June 6. Victoria, Time 5:35pm. HIGH ALTITUDE METEOR. Traveled in a westerly direction. First seen in Barnsdale it was seen for five minutes until it disappeared near Ballarat. Had a trail of light emitting sparks and flames.

1999, July 4, South Australia, Lincoln National Park. 8 dolphins found dead. Scattered along 200 meters of beach. All male. Common or Bottlenose? First mass stranding of these type of dolphins in SA. (PCTE).

2002, FIRST WINDFARM INSTALLED IN AUSTRALIA. This in itself represents that windfarms are not the cause of whale stranding because strandings were happening before this. New Zealand installed its first turbine in 1993 and was a single land unit. The first whole scale structure farm was built in 1996 with seven turbines and another eight in 2004.

2003, November 1, Tasmania, SW of island in Southern Ocean, AIR BURST, Time 14:09. (-51.4 S, 151.7 E). Blast force 213,000 kg of TNT.

2003, November 10, Off the coast of Antarctica, AIR BURST, Time 13:54, (64.5 S, 136.2 E), Blast force 1,300,000 kg of TNT.

2003 November 13 (Approx) reported 20th, South Australia, Sheringa Beach, near Elliston. A single strap-tooth or grazed-back beaked whale.

2003 November 15. New Zealand, Karekare beach, West Auckland, North Island. 12 Cachalot died.

2003, November 18. Tasmania, Point Hibbs. A remote location south of Strahan. 110 Black Dolphins and 10 bottlenose dolphins die. They had been dead for several days before this finding date. Discovered by an abalone diver.

2003, November 25. South Australia, Port Bonython. 1 Dolphin.

2003; November 28; Tasmania; Arthurs Bay near Whitemark, Flinders Island. 10 Cachalots stranded; Died 9; Survived 1. The lone survivor was found 200 meters off shore in good condition considering predicament it found itself in.

2008, November 24, South of Tasmania, Time 22:01, (57.9 S, 146.1 E), Blast force 420,000 kg of TNT.

2008, November 29. Tasmania, Macquarie Heads, West Coast. More than 150 long-finned Black Dolphins died, turning the waters of the Indian Ocean red when they suffered deep cuts after being battered by rough surf and thrashing against jagged rocks.

2013, August 12. Western Australia, (-34.4, 118.2). 44km inland between Albany and Esperance.

2013, September 24. Mid Pacific. AIR BURST (-10.3, -164.7) Energy=16, Impact Energy -e = 0.46.

2013, (October, November 30). Western Australia, New South Wales. Hundreds of mutton birds that washed up on beaches were found to have pumice in their guts.The birds washed up on the south coast shoreline between Doubtful Islands near Bremer Bay and Cape Arid National Park east of Esperance. The (dead) birds in late October through to early November, there were a number of reports of dead Shearwaters which are a sea bird washing ashore extended far west as Peaceful Bay through to Cape Arid.

2018, December 23, West of New Zealand in Southern Ocean, Time 23:38, AIR BURST, (47.5 S, 174.4 W). Blast force 270,000 kg of TNT.

2019, January 19. Tasmania, Badger Beach near the mouth of the Tamar River. Single Orca.

2020, November 18. BOLIDES detected around Chatham Islands, 15th -37.4, -176.0, 16th, -42.4, -166.2.

2020, November 22, Chatham Islands, Wailang West, 100 Black Dolphins and Dolphins.

2022, August, September, October, Chathman Islands surrounded by bolides.

2022, October 7, Chatham Islands, Tupuangi Beach. 232 Black Dolphins dead.

2022, October 10, Chatham Islands, Pitt Island/Rangiauria, Waihere Bay. Another 245 Black Dolphins dead.

2023, March 1, New Zealand, Travelled SW into Cook Strait from North Island south of New Plymouth.

2023, April 17, New Zealand, North Island, Tauroa Point, Ahipara Bay, 25 rough-toothed dolphins.

2023, June 3, New Zealand, Kaipara Harbour, BOLIDE BURST, Travelling North. Sonic boom. Fell in Tasman Sea.

2023, June 28. New Zealand, Manawatu, lower North Island. Meteor.

2023, Western Australia. Southern Ocean. Meteor shower activity.

2023, July 25. Western Australia. A pod of 97 Black Dolphins strand at Cheynes Beach, east of Albany. At least 52 die.

2023, August 6, New Zealand, North Island East Coast, Ruakākā Beach, 6 Dolphins, 6 to 8 feet long.

2023, August, 28, New Zealand, BOLIDE BURST, Breakup of primary body. Between 8:30 and 10pm. Christchurch bright meteor. 8:50 Auckland, 2 meteors. 10pm, Napier east coast North Isalnd.

2023, September 2, New Zealand, Red Beach, North Island, Pygmy Blue Whale found washed up on Auckland’s Red Beach, head split open.

2023, September 3. Southern Ocean. BOLIDE BURST, (-43.2, 102.2), 1,700km SW of Perth, Western Australia. Altitude 37 km. Energy = 2.3, Impact energy = 82,000 kg of TNT. See 2023, December 11 event link.

2023, October 14. Pacific Ocean. AIRBURST, (-8.4,-161.9). e=5.4, -e=0.18 or 180,000 tons of TNT. See 2023, November event link.

2023, October. 30. Tasmania. Time 21:30. BOLIDE BURST. Seen from both Hobart and Launceston.

2023, November, Australia, New South Wales. Hunter, Central Coast and as far south as Seven Mile Beach in the Shoalhaven. Hundreds of migrating short-tailed shearwaters found dead on NSW beaches.

2023, November 28. Tasmania. Bryans Beach, Schouten Passage 34 Black Dolphins strand in Tasmania's Freycinet Peninsula. Tuesday on Bryans Beach. Lat -42.2, Long 148.2. Not far from Wineglass Bay. PCTE. It was 2 km from above warning.

2023, December 11. Western Australia. Single Cachalot. 15m long beached on a sandbank 70m off Rockingham Beach. Spotted close to Port Beach on Saturday the 9th. Came down from north.

2024, April 24. Western Australia. Time: 14:00. Meteor. Location: S.W of Albany in Southern Ocean. Traveling W.N.W. Velosity: 68km/s. Duration: 1.53 seconds. LB:116.37, LB:-35.86. HB: 110.49km. LE:115.36, LE:-35.44. HE: 102.86km.

2024, April 24. Western Australia. Time: 20:03. Meteor. Location: West of Albany. Started over land and ended in Southern Ocean. Traveling W.S.W. Velosity: 55km/s. Duration: 3.12 seconds. LB:116.49, LB:-34.39. HB: 113km. LE:114.78, LE:-34.85. HE: 98.73km.

2024, April 25. Western Australia, Tobys Inlet, between Dunsborough and Busselton, 250km south of Perth. Up to 160 Black Dolphins came to shore. 130 whales were refloated and 29 died. There were four pods of whales spread across 500 metres of beach during event with another two pods of about 130 animals offshore in the ocean.

2024, April 26. Western Australia, Eagle Bay. 2 Black Dolphins. Linked to above event. A lone Black Dolphin calf has been euthanised. Also Quindalup Beach had been closed while one Black Dolphin that had washed up there overnight was removed.

2024, May 27. North Atlantic Ocean, Brazil. Airburst. Approximately 500km from the coast. Location: (Latitude: 1.7, Longitude: -39.4). Time: 03:19. e= 8.4. -e= 0.26 or equivalent to 260,000kg/TNT. Altitude: 56km. Velocity: 39.2km/s. It had twice the energy of the recent Portugal meteor airburst. Due to its position a marine animal disturbance alert should be noted for the coast of northern Brazil over the next month. 

2024, June 1. Brazil. Rio do Fogo. Northeastern Brazil. 20 Black Dolphins (pilot whales). The cetaceans are located near the shoreline at Pititinga seaside within the state of Rio Grande do Norte, displaying indicators of disorientation. One other whale from the pod was discovered lifeless on Zumbi seaside, roughly seven kilometers away. Local residents, fishermen and multiple groups from the ‘Cetáceos da Costa Branca’ from the State University of Rio Grande do Norte and the NGO Center for Environmental Studies were involved in the rescue operations. 

The Earth/Water Ratio:

The ratio between land and water on Earth is 1:2 which is 71% to 29%. Ironically this ratio is the same in both hemispheres. The difference between the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere is Antarctica and the Arctic. One is land the other water. This is a major barrier in the Southern Hemisphere as the safe zone is taken away from marine life. The open sea can be a softener to soundwaves when propagated from source. With Antarctica the soundwaves bounce off the land and ice spreading the waves back out into the ocean. This basically causes a soup of crests and troughs that add to the complex shock delivered from the original event. Because of the orientation of the solar systems plane bolides are more likely experienced inside 60 degrees south. After this the Antarctica continent encroaches on the water field. This means that aquatic animals are basically crammed into a circular area around the southern pole. I call this the strike zone or death zone because there is no barrier to sound waves once a bolide interacts with the sea. In 1921 a bolide was seen coming into earths atmosphere S.S.W of Albany in the Southern Ocean. This bolide was extreme in violence. The light from this event was seen 3000 kilometers away in Geraldton, Australia. If any animal was underneath this atmospheric disturbance, regardless of it impacting or not, the sonic percussion alone would cause extreme problems to the ecology of the area.

Examples of super bolides and their effects on animals and humans.

For over 150 years newspapers are littered with reports of interactions with bolides and people. Below are a list of side effects.

Temporary blindness in animals and humans. Animals have been known to be blinded for up to 24 hours after an encounter with a bolide.

Fainting in humans is common.

Birds falling from sky dead or suffering concussion.

Extreme physical feeling of fear, terror and shock.

A peculiar feeling that the air is charged, and electric shocks received from static discharge. Many reports have been received that this is common.

Physical injury in humans and animals. People have been known to be blown off their feet as well as horses, cattle etc. Deaths have been reported at sea and land; however, it is basically impossible to prove this because of the witness blind or any other information concerning the event. Sailors knew the risks long past; it was something they didn't want to talk about and was regarded as a topic not wanting to be talked about. It was hard enough to get people to go to sea without the added fear of meteor attack. Impacts happen on land, They are small events, however when something does fall it is eventful. The shockwaves are felt far and wide, 40 – 50 km away and with violent bolides creating airbursts these can be felt hundreds of kilometers away.

Cattle have been seen running around in panic looking up at the sky at nothing.

Feeling sick, as if poisoned. Sulphur is a common element in meteoroids and is extremely volatile when heated, cooled down or mixed with water such as rain or fog.

Reactions with the sea or earth.

The ground waving like the sea after a airburst.

Earthquake or long tremors.

Destruction of fauna.

Cavitation of water under pressure.

Electrophonic VLF sound waves that penetrate to a depth of 70 meters underwater.

Vibrations that are strong and long lasting unlike a earth tremor. This is like “sky quaking”. Even though this is a term used in observational astronomy to reference atmospheric clarity I use it in terms of meteor bruising air molecules and magnetic fields.

Dispelling Other Theories that are true and false about strandings:

Rapidly falling tides: There is no evidence apart from accidental occurrences that this is an issue. Commonsense would suggest that this does happen on occasion as many species of marine life find themselves trapped or marooned when they miscalculate the sea floor or costal surroundings. Is it a cause of strandings on a mass scale? The possibility is low but not without the possibility that it does and has occurred on the odd occasion. It is more likely to happen when a set of different environmental factors align to cause such an incident. Farewell Spit in New Zealand has long been considered a hot spot for just such occurrences; however the Cachtam Islands and the West Coast of Tasmania are also mass stranding locations. You also need to consider the routes these whales take and that certain locations are always going to be subjected to more traffic than others. This would suggest that the animals are suffering from something that relates to them all to cause this navigational or desperation stranding phenomena. Whales come up from the Southern Ocean and only have certain options open to them. New Zealand is a 1400km wall with Cook Strait being the only route through to essentially open ocean. This would suggest a animal with any form of injury to its brain or echolocation would be vulnerable attempting such a passage. The same applies to Tasmania. If a animal comes up from the Southern Ocean that has seen its echolocation retarded in anyway it would find navigation extremely awkward and tiring. Having to use other senses like vision and audio would not be natural leading to mistakes that would see them enter problematic zones.

Poisoning by lethal doses of contaminants: It is very likely that poison leaking or entering the ocean environment from a vessel could kill or seriously injure a dolphin or other aquatic wildlife (referring to mass stranding) however it is unlikely that this has occurred because of the necropsies done on many species over a prolonged number of years. It's not to say it couldn't happen in the future and due care should be taken to see this never occurs. Leakage from historical marine wrecks is a possibility since oil, even today is large quantities, still seeps from many WWII vessels.

Ingesting poisonous fish species whether accidently or deliberately by whales or dolphins has never been witnessed or associated positively in lab results. Its not to say it does not happen. Loads of rubbish have been found in the digestive systems of whales and sadly this has to be taken into consideration as it does cause mortality in marine mammals and other species of aquatic wildlife.

Ship strikes: Modern bulk carriers kill whales and other sea mammals including fish species. This is a undisputable fact. No other scientific assessment to prove this is needed, only preventive measures need to be assigned to this problem. (See assessment on propeller vibrations below).

Pushing power for ships, run by engines that drive shaft mechanics to propel them through the water have been around since the early 19^th centaury. This sped up ships causing the likely hood of vessels striking marine life with force rise considerably. The sound this process produces has never been responsible for disturbing marine life. Bulk momentum does cause damage and can cause death in whales and dolphins when struck, the sound doesn't. Sound could be annoying but not deadly and not disruptive enough to cause mass strandings.

Windfarms: The first wind farm was installed in Australia in 2002. This, in itself, represents that wind farms are not the cause of whale strandings because strandings were happening before this. New Zealand installed its first turbine in 1993, and it was a single land unit. The first wholesale structured farm was built in 1996 with seven turbines and another eight in 2004. As said previously, the first archaeological evidence of a whale stranding goes back 14,000 years. When the first settlers arrived in Australia whale bones and whales from stranding were frequently come across by early explorers.

To further dispute this fact, wind farms don't have the energy to transform the air, let alone the sea, into a hazard zone for whales, dolphins, or any wildlife. Birds could be struck by a windmill or the structure could fall over and strike an animal, but that is the extent of the problem. Wind farms are not obstacles either. All whale species and dolphins are very adept at negotiating obstacles. Nets are more problematic than wind farm foundations. There has never been a case of a sea mammal dying or even being injured by accidental contact with a submerged wind farm base. If anything, a wind farm would create a protected area from Orca attacks for whales. It has always been the case that placing artificial water structures in the ocean always attract fish and other marine life. If dolphins or whales are found in windfarm locations its because of food attraction and nothing else.

The spacing of a wind farm is also taken into consideration to support and allow safe navigation. Buoys have been used for centuries in shipping lanes and ocean navigation, and it hasn't been a problem. There were only a few cases of cachalots entangled in underwater-laid cables when they were first used; however, with the advent of weighted and heavy cable lines, this doesn't appear to happen anymore. All the above scenarios could potentially produce an incident, I suppose; however, none of the above would ever cause a mass stranding. If anything, and it's proven, having obstacles in the water attracts fish and other marine life, creating perfect underwater habitats for marine life.

Audio Attack: Bulk Carriers produce a combined engine room plus propeller noise of 190 dB. There are over 50,000 container ships world wide with a 3 to 4 dB increase every decade due to increased traffic. A 10-turbine wind farm produces 35-45 dB. A Cachalot that is underwater clicks at 236 dB, and a small comet of extraterrestrial origin produces a 25 dB whiz. What does this prove? It proves that meteor showers don't come in single strikes, but thousands over weeks, if not hundreds of thousands over weeks. If the shower is heavy and localized, it can be thousands an hour. At 25 dB each, this adds up to a thunderous atmosphere that only a creature with super-sensitive echolocation ability could really understand the power of. Even if a hundred were coming in, this adds up to 2500 dB an hour. If this were prolonged, it could be incredibly disruptive to toothed whales and dolphins. It would be like having 15 supertankers descending upon them for many hours over many days.

Seismic acoustic attack. Ships that survey the worlds oceans and waterways for geological purposes use sound bursts that range from 230 to 255 dB. Cachalots produce high notes in the 235dB and other dolphin species at 229dB. People would argue that this is the cause? The only problem with this theory is that there are approximately 100 vessels world wide using these sound wave measures to map mining proposals and the like. I lost count at 3,000,000 when estimating the number of the worlds toothed whale population. A cachalot can communicate over 10 km and hear another over 100's to 1000's of kilometers. The argument being is that the dolphins are more likely to be killing each other with their own clicks than being killed by man made seismic acoustics. Yes, it could be annoying to an animal, like a human having a neighbour playing the drums on a quiet Sunday afternoon, but to kill is never going to happen. As I've noted above these creatures might look vulnerable when washed up on a beach, however these animals are tough predators capable of amazing biological magic. It takes a force of great magnitude to tip a toothed whale into decline. Like a human a whale needs to be struck with great force to render concussion or to have prolonged exposure to acoustic waves of an unimaginable range and period. This can only be achieved with energy that seismic ships just cannot produce in any way, shape or form. It can only be produced by meteor showers, bolides or airbursts.

Submarine Sonar: Sonar at military levels needs to be taken into account although there needs to be further research undertaken to see how damaging this can be. After doing research on this topic there seems to be more questions than answers. The problem I have with, sonar “weapons” so to speak, is that submarines are found all over the world and only a few occasions they have been in a vicinity of a stranding and hence blamed. The military exercises or Live Fire Exercise (LFX) do use a range of weapon testing? It could very well be other types of devices doing damage? Explosives of all kinds, missiles, depth charges and blasts from naval ships need to taken into account. The injuries I've seen on beaked whales and other toothed whales that have stranded during these exercises show what I've seen before in concussion type events. I think we need to really look into what this situation can provide the whale stranding topic. The more information we can correlate to use in the whole subject could be extremely useful. Having gone down the rabbit hole a bit I do however believe that military sonar and sound weapons are detrimental to animals as well as humans until further research says otherwise. Best to be safe.

Earthquakes: Sound waves from earthquakes. Infrasonic sound waves are low frequency at 20Hz. Earthquakes have never correlated with whale strandings. Upheaval of geological surrounding into the water basin causes tsunamis, and underwater landslides occur regularly. These events never cause whale strandings. I even looked into tropospheric slipping, an occurrence when the lower atmosphere literally slips over earths crust causing low level sonic booms. These sound waves didn't create the energy needed to cause great disturbances weather on land or sea.

Resource Depletion Attack: Are other marine animals tormenting whales - culling the competition? Are schools of tuna or other large fish harassing Black Dolphins into stranding? It is more likely these species coexist rather than compete for resources. They do fight and consume each other from time to time but waste of a whole pod is not in the interests of a orca or any other predator.

Nearshore or open water harassment: Orca Attack: Orca attacks on whales are common. They attack cachalots, eating their tongues. They attack humpback whale calves, including juvenile or smaller species of whales. They are apex predators that will attack anything that takes their fancy. One thing about Orcas and most predators like this single out a victim and "pressure kill". The running aground of large pods of whales by Orca has never been witnessed. However, in Tasmania, Parks and Wildlife Services did use salmon farm bombs to prevent Orca from running aground a large pod of common dolphins some years ago. (Below are my views on this). Orcas associated with whale processing stations in the past were seen as opportunism and not regarded as natural behavior.

Having said all this, its more likely that Orcas are the ones under attack from Black Dolphins. It has been witnessed numerous times that Black Dolphins attack and try to drown Orcas using mass attack. Orcas are very wary of Black Dolphins, and because of this mob mentality of Black Dolphins they stay clear of them.

Below is a post I placed on my blog. Please note it is still a theory!

Killer Whales, the gladiators of the ocean that chase smoke. After some meteor events such as airbursts, impacts and extreme bolides, I've come across unusual whale strandings and fish like marlin. It was evident there had been a hunt, with injuries that consisted of blunt force trauma and removal of body parts. The events were rather messy. It doesn't fit into meteor shower panic strandings, so it wasn't that. Even concussion-type events are not this messy, they are traumatic but not a butcher house, but there was a link. So I went back to find data that was similar and ask myself questions. Why do killer whales go from feeding on fish, seals and pack hunting to expending such energy, so it seems, to chase down enormous pods of dolphins and porpoises or go to war with marlin and whales they don't usually hunt. Killer whales are opportunists, seeking an easy meal. Most of the time they didn't eat the creatures, just killed them for sport. They arrived on the scene and didn't like what they saw and for fun started killing. They might very well find some easy food there or they kill the creatures already gorging themselves. In any case, killing marlin is incredibly hard to do, but broken spines don't lie. If a pod of dolphins is already injured in some way, they might strand them and see what food presents itself. I've noticed this in many incidences where a typical stranding didn't happen after a meteor event, but a stranding that seemed messy and inconsistent. These events were much-removed location-wise and out of the time frame of what is usually seen. Something just doesn't add up. The animals that did were not common to see together and the only reason I could think of is that killer whales are attracted to the event, they find injured creatures and proceed to clean shop so to speak. Another reason this all adds up is that you don't find mass dolphin and porpoise strandings, they are incredibly rare. And I think this is because they are predated on before making landfall. They are little mouthfuls of food for killer whales and giant sharks. I think this also applies to the larger dolphin species as well. We might see 30 or 500 black dolphins come ashore but how many are inside the guts of another animals. These are larger, so predators might only be able to take a smaller number of individuals before the remining pod makes landfall. I know this is not scientific in any way shape or form; these are just observations. It's like the killer whales are vultures circling a fire waiting for prey to succumb.

Fish attack: Large tuna schools harassing whales or dolphins have never been witnessed, and no documentation has ever come forward suggesting this as a possibility. Sharks do attack whales, and this has been well-documented on many occasions. It has been shown that whales do hold their ground in these situations, and sharks usually give up. A single whale that is sick could and has been attacked in the past. Thresher sharks are notorious whale tormentors in large groups; however, they usually come off second best.

Weather related: Strandings occur in all weather-related situations. Increasing barometric pressure before, during, or after a stranding has no bearing on the situation. Strong currents don't seem to have any bearing either. Other dispelled weather-related incidents are lightning, tornadoes, and localized tsunamis, including large water surges. Vortices in the ocean have been witnessed and can be lethal to shipping. It would be a possibility that a vortex could sweep up a pod; however, it would need to be in deep water, which would allow easy escape for a whale or dolphin.

Gas Eruptions: Explosive gas eruptions from underground reservoirs have been known to cause accidents on offshore drilling rigs and have probably sunk many ships over the centuries. Intrusions into the ocean medium from gas reserves under the sea floor should not be discounted. Even though it doesn't fit into data sets, it couldn't be discounted altogether.

Solar Eruptions. Solar eruptions are explosive events that disperse energy and particles into space from the Sun. They can take different forms, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), jets, or partial eruptions, depending on the magnetic forces and gravity involved. Solar eruptions can affect operational artificial fuctions on Earth, such as GPS signals, power grids, satellite electronics, and radio communication. They can also pose risks to spacecraft and astronauts. After considering all this data, and even accounting for coronal mass ejections of the highest magnitude, once again they can't produce the energy required to cause marine mammal deaths or injury. They are extremely short-lasting and widespread, on a global scale. This point seems to be particularly valid in that, if these events are so widespread, pinpointing a particular whale pod to strand doesn't make sense. If whale pods were distressed over a larger area, then it would make sense, but they aren't. Meteor showers and bolides are more precise and can accurately perturb the natural environment in a localized and more violent manner.

Human Involved Killing: It has been shown throughout history and even today that human involvement in herding and running aground large whale pods, then killing them, is a fact. In several countries today, several governments involve themselves in the slaughter of thousands of marine mammals every year, and this should be halted immediately. More pressure should be placed on an extremely small amount of the world's population engaging in a large number of whale and dolphin deaths every year. There is absolutely no reason whatsoever for killing these animals. It has been shown that it can even be hazardous to the health of humans to consume products derived from marine mammals.

Nuclear Testing. There is no correlation between nuclear testing and mass whale strandings. Thats not to say in the future I will not find something. I'm always looking for connections, but up to this date I have found nothing. Given the closed borders of Russia its hard to access information. I do believe open air testing might have had effects on gray whales in the Arctic however this is just speculation on my behalf. Hiroshima's “Little Boy” yielded 13 to 18 kt TNT. The largest was the Tsar Bomb that yielded 50,000 kt TNT. Up to 1996 all nuclear testing gave a total yield of 510,300 kt TNT. One event alone from a unprotected airburst meteor yielded 500kt TNT. This being said, commonsense would say that nuclear testing was a terrible blight on the environment and speaks for itself. Nuclear testing smashed, contaminated, uprooted people from there homes never to return and generally was terrible for coral atolls and the wider marine environment. Its true toll on the environment will probably never be revealed.

Preventative Measures:

With a better understanding of the causes, researchers could work on developing preventative measures to reduce the likelihood of whale strandings. This might involve changes in shipping routes, fishing practices, or other human activities that could be contributing to strandings.

Commercial shipping: Shipping routes need to be modified to minimise whale strikes. The use of technology to scan the “heading sea” for targets and changing routes to assist migrating animals at certain times of year is rather a small ask for the benefit of all mankind.

Marine Parks: The extension of Southern Ocean Marine Parks: A corridor of protected seafloor stretching from Tasmania to Antarctica is needed. Just as with animals on land, where it has been shown to work effectively, safe transit corridors protect animals that need to move unimpeded through the environment. The implementation of monitoring stations at known hotspots using technology, and involving volunteers, recreational, and commercial fishing interests to create a broad observation network.

Airline Industry: Fitting commercial airliners with a simple camera system to scan the ocean for whales. It wouldn't be intrusive, overly expensive or have a weight problem. This would be especially useful for Blue Whale and Cachalot monitoring and the same for meteor streams.

With the advent of AI it would be an incredible useful tool.

Meteor Streams: Monitor meteor streams using current and future satellite data. The clumping-type stranding seen in the panic beaching of pods could very well be prevented with early intervention. This is a positive outcome and would be easily monitored by a volunteer network using the internet. The close-knit society of Australia has seen it work well under challenging conditions, and when confronted with a problem, getting people involved to fix the issue would not be seen as any type of barrier.

Geo Positioning Systems: Tracking pods using GPS.

Audio Cancelling Devices: Using sound reduction or cancelling devices located in stranding hotspots. These could also be used to calm distressed pods in the water. Meteor showers have a high pitched sound. This sound has been described by humans as a screaming sound.

Health Assessment and Treatment: Understanding why whales strand themselves could provide insights into their health and well-being. It might lead to improved diagnostics and medical treatments for sick or injured whales, potentially reducing the number of animals at risk of stranding.

Scientific Understanding: Solving the mystery of whale strandings would contribute to our broader understanding of marine ecosystems and animal behavior. It could provide insights into how whales navigate, communicate, and respond to changes in their environment. The deaths of whales and dolphins in the southern ocean create food for the ocean floor inhabitants. Hence, this abundant food creation provides nutrition for creatures such as deep diving cachalots, thus creating a cycle of renewal.

Developing and producing intensive data from historical documents and other delivery services to implement a complete and transparent view of what is the developing timeline, both natural and unnatural.

Using satellite data to monitor bolide strikes on the atmosphere.

Monitor the plankton plumes of the sea to calculate the seeding of iron and other minerals/elements into the ecosystem. This can determine the amount of food available to whales.

Developing a high nutritional feeding system to administer to dolphins in distressed situations. Whether this is a hard food replacement or medically developed intravenous medication to motivate lower stress levels or change biological decline.

Streamline a government-run program to bring interested parties under one umbrella. Oceanographers, Astronomers, Fisheries, Community Parties, ect.

Having a ship to locate sick animals and contain – treat – and release.

Education and Public Awareness: The discovery could serve as a powerful educational tool, raising public awareness about the complex interactions between marine life, human activities, and the environment. It could inspire conservation efforts and encourage people to take actions to protect marine species. The collaboration between scientific groups and studies would be extremely satisfying to all concerned.

Letting natural whale behaviour to continue unabated, for example, Orca's attacking yachts. This is a natural behaviour and shouldn't be discouraged. Cachalots a naturally aggressive at times, especially young males. People need to understand this, and let this process be part of who they are without diminishing the valuation of this in any way.

Educate next generation that the current whale population is still well under what it should be. Black Dolphin pods need to be 500-700 strong at the base level and well over 1000 for higher grouping.

Humpback whale populations need to be double what they are today. They need to exceed current small family groupings to pod-type numbers exceeding 20 or more individuals. These are elephants of the sea, not a lone type animal.

Education to show that whale strandings have been happening since whales became whales. It's in the history of whales worldwide. It's a common natural phenomenon.

Protecting food sources these animals depend on. Scooping up tons of sardines/squid in the southern ocean needs to be monitored more stringently.

A treaty banning some seasonal fishing for up to ten years in certain locations in the Southern Ocean.

Leaving stranded whales and dolphins on the beaches they strand to decay. This is part of the environmental processes that is a rich reward for organisms, flighted animals and other sea mammals and fishes. This could be very controversial as the smell is rather repugnant. Therefore, it could be diminished by using some scientific method. This might be a hard topic to sell to the affected population of a stranding.

Policy and Regulation: If human activities are found to be a significant cause of strandings, this information could influence policy decisions and regulations related to marine industries, shipping, fishing, and other activities that impact marine life.

The indiscriminate killing of whales and dolphins should be banned completely worldwide.

The killing of whales and dolphins under the guise of cultural purposes needs to be banned completely. Small minority of people can do extreme damage to the environment.

Shipping strikes and hard (rubbish/garbage/human waste that includes fishing nets) pollution are the top causes of whale and dolphin deaths.

Collaborative Efforts:

Solving the mystery of whale strandings would likely involve collaboration among researchers, scientists, conservationists, and governmental agencies. This could lead to stronger partnerships and coordinated efforts to address broader marine conservation challenges.

Cameras installed to pick up bolides/meteors on Macquarie Island, Maatsuyker Island, Southern Tasmania, North East Island, Te One Island, Herd Island Dumont d'Urvillle Station, Eclipse Island and Casey Station.

Bolide Visualizer

Bolide visualizer (seti.org)

Human-vetted bolide detections from US Government sensors. Human-vetted bolide detections from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), instruments aboard GOES-16 and GOES-17. Meteor detections from the ground-based Global Meteor Network. Meteor shower data from the IAU Meteor Data Center. Depending on the data source selected, one, two, or three of the following map types will be active below:

Earth: plot the latitudes and longitudes of the bolide detections.

Orbits: plot any computed orbits in the data using the orbital elements.

Radiants: plot any known meteor radiants (ra, dec) in the data.

JPL, Center for Near Earth Studies.

Fireballs (nasa.gov)

Bolides (nasa.gov)

Monitoring mass strandings of whales by satellite | Polarjournal

A veterinarian or human physician that specializes in explosive blast injuries to calculate the types of damage in water over certain distances.

Advancements in Marine Science: Discovering the reasons behind whale strandings could drive advancements in marine science and technology, including improved tracking and monitoring methods for marine mammals.

It's important to note that whale strandings can have multiple complex causes, and finding a single explanation might be challenging. It could involve a combination of factors, including natural phenomena, environmental changes, and human impacts. Nonetheless, any progress made in unraveling this mystery would contribute to the conservation and understanding of these majestic marine creatures.

Preliminary Findings. Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. This lifestyle in a fully aquatic world leaves them vulnerable to sound waves when the frequency, duration, and energy exceed biological equilibrium. In the toothed Cachalot who dive down to depths in excess of 2000 meters, having an object hit the water or burst above it at 60 times the speed of sound is a death sentence. It takes 8 times the energy to transmit sound waves through water and this could very well strip a cachalot of its sensory abilities. This could be temporary or permanent given the incident strength. It also depends on where the cachalot is located, the impact strength, or whether it was an air burst or impact. Given the type of stranding throughout history, it seems a variety of incidents play out. Even though I've spoken considerably of echolocation disturbance, concussion, and panic, there are other scenarios that could play out. These could be as simple as temporary eyesight blindness. Bolides and close proximity airbursts have been known to cause temporary blindness in humans and horses on many occasions and need to be taken into consideration.

Meteor showers, bolides, and airbursts have been around since the dawn of Earth and have been around when animals started to evolve into marine mammals. This evolutionary marriage of the astro and the ocean seems to be a long process of life and death that is purely a necessary natural part of the environmental link. It is also necessary to state that for this equilibrium to be maintained, a healthy and robust whale population needs to be sustained.

Put in VLF photonic sound waves.

Related environmental consequences:

Mass fish kills. It has been noted that many meteoroid airbursts and impacts have been the cause of mass fish kills all over the world.

Mass bird deaths: Bolides seem to be linked with several Shearwater migration disturbances that have seen thousands of birds killed. If these events happened over a colony of wandering Albatros in the Southern Ocean it could have a detrimental effect on the poulation.

Plankton plumes and Sea Floor (Endless Loop): Iron in atmosphere. There seems to be a correlation between bolides and the production and formulation of plankton plumes. Iron seems to be a catalyst in the production growth of plankton and further research should be undertaken to further study this phenomenon.

Whale stranding beach decomposition: Whales should be allowed to decompose on the beach naturally. This is a food source for many other animals throughout the food chain.

Marine ecology as a whole: Other marine animals at risk. Almost all marine life is at risk when they have a interaction with a super bolide. Seal colonies could be decimated in an instant. A biological area of hundreds of square kilometers could be at risk from an encounter.

Historical meteor impacts on land and water in Australia. In the future I will have many more and then do a complete area probability for the ocean environment.

Meteor Impacts in Australia, and some in New Zealand, since early1800's. Cameras such as Map – Fireballs Aotearoa are leading the way. There are now many others, with Australia...following? It seems unfortunate with so many whales stranding in Australian waters they aren't doing more to understand the environment they acquire as their habitat. With the advent of camera monitoring such impact events are found more readily after 2020. I've included violent airbursts close to the ground because of their destructive qualities. I am also including meteorite falls as well. If it hits, it counts in my opinion. After mapping these events it seems a large portion of falls are yet to be found and a large number will never be found or located due to their airburst origin and remoteness. I haven't included violent sonic booms even though I think they can be linked to the deaths of sea mammals. Some events below have clearly been involved in the concussion deaths of Cetacean. I'm always finding further events so will update when found.

In a study, the southern hemisphere June is the most likely time to get hit whereas September and October is the least unlikely. The ratio for first 6 months to the last six months between 2000 and 2013 was 12:4. A meteor the size of your fist hits the Australian continent every year. Looking back at data of Australian history from 1862 to the present I found over 100 definite events with many more to be found as this is preliminary and I have a huge data blind. However, the findings above work into the historical data ratio with 26:18. A note to remember is that meteoroid streams diminish over time and are renewed with others replenishing those lost in different areas. Only time will say where these will materialize.

In the list below I have not included super bolides. They speak for themselves. I will just get a number after my research and catalogue it here. There are many. Remember most of these are located on a strip of land a few hundred kilometres from the coast. How many actually fall in the Australian outback is probably incalculable and that includes super bolides.

Before 1838. METEOR IMPACT, Western Australia. Hit Swan River in daytime near a boat spraying water 20 feet into air.

1850's, Sometime between 1852 and 1858 a meteor hit the ground near Byalla. Made big trough in the ground. Meteorites recovered.

1862, Late January, South Australia, Mine Hill, Kooringa, Meteor Impact/Fall, small.

1865, December 4, New Zealand, Tarauaki, Time 2am, METEOR IMPACT, Flight Direction was South by west. Dropped pieces 170km away on North Island costal regions of Wanganui. This is where it exploded over the region. Made a hole in Turakina. Candels in rooms were totally eclipsed by the brightness. The explosion happened one minute later with a metalic noise and a strong smell of sulphur. Winessed to be the size of the sun. It exploded three times with thunderous noise. It was glowing when it struck the water 4km from Taranaki shore between Shakspeare Bay and Torea Bay in the north of South Island. The sonic boom was heard 15 minutes after impact, lasting 15 seconds and was heard 70km away. The tail was visible for two hours until sunrise washed it from sight.

1871, December 15. New South Wales, Queanbeyan. FIREBALL/POSSIBLE IMPACT. Possible breakup creating two objects falling in different areas. Time: Soon after midday. Loud explosion followed by reverberations. Sound traveled south to north. Large ball of fire traveling S.E to N.W. Heard and seen over a large area. Witnesses said it fell to earth a mile from Bungendore.

1872, January 18, Queensland, Moreton Bay, north of Mud Island, Time: 2am, METEOR IMPACT, Witnessed from St Helena Island by policeman. A large bright light lasting three minutes ended when a object hit the water, The explosion “ploughed up the ocean”.

1879, Queensland. It was not until 1879 that the first fall of meteorites to be recorded in Australia were observed at Tenham Station, Kyabra Creek, 30 miles south-east of Windorah, Western Queensland. This was perhaps the most spectacular shower of meteorites ever to be recorded. More than 230 separate stones have been preserved, the largest weighing, 135-lb and the smallest three-quarters of an ounce. One hundred and twenty of these stones are now preserved in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane.

1879, August 23, South Australia, Laura, south of town of Yarrowie. Time 6:15. METEOR IMPACT, fell on property at Caltowie Extension. Quite a large volume of smoke surrounded the spot and clouds of dust arose.

1880, May, Queensland, Time 6pm, AIR BURST/METEOR IMPACT. Fell in southerly direction. Sonic boom, Tremor. For two minutes a sound like air rushing through a tube could be heard. One witnesses stated he thought the meteor fell north of Galway Downs close to Barcoo River.

1881, September 6. Queensland, Wide Downs. BOLIDE BURST/POSSIBLE IMPACT. Time 6 pm. A ball of fire appeared lighting up the sky for 20 minutes. When it burst a noise like thunder was heard for some minutes. The meteor took some time on reaching the ground.

1890, October late, Bass Strait, METEOR IMPACT, 80 km east of Kents Group. Fell 200 meters from ship causing a 40 feet high splash.

1893, March 20, South Australia, Semaphore, Port Adelaide, Time: 7:08pm. METEOR IMPACT. Traveled in from SE and seemed to fall directly into sea after exploding a short distance from shore. This was after three days of meteor sightings.

1894, February 28, Victoria, Williamstown. METEOR IMPACT. During rain storm a object the size of a cricket ball struck factory at the corner of Vulgan Grove and Railway Crescent. The strong smell of Sulphur in air. Brickwork and iron looked like cannon ball had been fired through it. Object buried itself into ground after going through asphalt sending rubble and smoke over yard.

1895, January, 5, Tasman Sea, ship Anthons, from Kairpara in New Zealand to Sydney caught it METEOR SHOWER. Happened during thunderstorm. Between lightening and stones the captain said the sight was a “fearfully grand one”

1897, April 16. Queensland, Brisbane. METEOR/FIREBALL/IMPACT. Time 5 am. 45 second flight time. Came from the eastern horizon and travelled west. It was connected to the reporting of the burning of a house on Taylor's Range, at the back of Taringa, between 4 and 5 o'clock on Good Friday morning; supposedly through being struck by a meteor in its descent. Could have been a fireball from the meteor. The meteor was seen off Amity Point by the ship Bohemian and the crew. The meteor entered the earth's atmosphere above Moreton Island and travelled west and disapeared over Taylors Range. They thought the flames they noticed were from the Island of St Helena however it was further on from their line of sight. The meteor was seen as far north as Bunderberg 300 km away. Furthermore two boys who had woken up early to go bird shooting saw the meteor hit the house and burst into flames.

1898, April 26, Queensland, METEOR IMPACT, At 9pm a meteor hit the water at the South Passage causing an audible explosion.

1900, New South Wales, Emmaville. A woman was standing near her residence, when a meteor fell and struck the corner of a table that had been left outside and considerably damaged the article. The stone, which was about three or four inches in diameter, was secured, and when examined was found to consist of stony material with a surface smooth and polished, no doubt caused by the great heat that the resistance of the atmosphere had brought it to. The aerolite has, I believe, forwarded to Mr. T. Chandler to Professor David, of the Sydney University.

1901, April. New South Wales. Western Highlands. METEOR IMPACT. Meteorite found with track in long grass clearly visible.

1902, July 17, New South Wales, far N.W, Mount Browne, Milparinka. Time 9:15am, AIR BURST/METEOR IMPACT. Violent tremor, shook buildings, hut caught fire and frightened people. Nearly 14kg of meteorites recovered. Many areas of ground in turmoil. Horses and sheep ran around in great fright. Sound heard 50 km away. “It fell with a terrific roar within 50 yards of a man who was dry blowing stone. When the meteorite was found it was quite hot, and a miner's hut, containing amongst other things some dynamite caps and two flasks of gunpowder, caught fire.”

1906, March 12, Perth, METEOR IMPACT, South of Perth, Tremor, explosion. Landed in Swan River.

1909, June 5. Queensland, Rockhampton District, Mountain View, near Yaamba,. EXTREME BOLIDE BURST/POSSIBLE IMPACT. Time 4:30 pm. A large meteor, like a bail of fire, with a streak of light behind it, was seen travelling through the clouds in the afternoon. It lighted up the whole district, and appeared to be moving at a tremendous speed in a north easterly direction, coming lower as it moved. After a time is appeared to strike the ground. A moment afterwards a tremendous explosion was heard, followed by a succession of loud explosions, which gradually died away. These were heard for nearly 10 minutes after the first noise.

1911, December 23. South Australia, Fowlers Bay. POSSIBLE IMPACT. Time 8:30 to 9. Seen in eastern sky. Lit up sky for 5 seconds. The meteor was like a ball of electric light, with a tail apparently .30 in. long, from which sparks seemed to fall. About five minutes after its disappearance a noise like the explosion of two cannon in quick succession, or a clap of thunder, was heard from the direction in which it disappeared. Some residents three miles from the coast say the noise was like that which would be made by some huge body failing into the sea some miles out from Fowler's Bay.

1912, May 25, New South Wales, About four miles from Binda. A stone weighing twelve pounds fell. It was not found until ten days later, when it was dug out of what looked like a freshly made rabbit burrow.

1913 March 10, Western Australia, Sandstone, 500km NE of Perth. METEOR IMPACT. Ground glowed for several seconds after impact.

1919, December 25, South Australia, Encounter Bay Victor Harbor, METEOR IMPACT, Two cricket sized meteors fell into the water. The first was bigger than the second. Witnessed by three people.

1920, Early January. Pure Iron Meteor: 63.5 kg Meteorite falls near Pine Creek in Northern territory. The local Mines Department stated the metal is pure iron.

1922, June 2, Western Australia, PROBABLE METEOR IMPACT, NW of Geraldton in Indian Ocean, 170 km from coast. Tremor felt 230km away at Geraldton rattling windows. A ship 160 km from explosion heard it.

1922, A 92 lb meteorite found near Murray Bridge after METEOR IMPACT that was seen and felt in Adelaide 65 km away.

1924, May 18, New South Wales, Upper portion Wonora River, 27km S.W of Sydney. BOLIDE BURST/METEOR IMPACT. Small object that travelling S.W. The meteor exploded a few times leaving a smoke trail. Witnesses in the National Park saw it strike the river.

1924, October 14. Victoria, Horsham. BOLIDE BURST/METEOR IMPACT. A fragment, believed to be siderite (meteoric iron) about, four Inches in diameter, was found this morning in a fallow paddock a, mile and a half from the town, near the main Dimboola road. This seems to confirm tho story that a meteorite fell at 8.30 on Monday evening. Eyewitnesses state that the sky was vividly lit lip, and a loud explosion was heard over the town and district. Houses in the vicinity were shaken. The fragment appears to have been subjected to intense heat and is permeated with outlets, evidently forced by gaseous matter. It was sent to the museum for the geological report.

1925, October 17, Queensland, Cecil Plains, Toowoomba, POSSIBLE METEOR IMPACT, meteorite set fire to grass. It was at least a LARGE BOLIDE BURST that sent out numerous fireballs. It was a high and slow event that caused sonic boom and vibrations.

1926, July 6, New South Wales, Goulburn, METEOR IMPACT. 12 hours after airburst at 5:30am another came in but impacted ground.

1927, Febuary. New South Wales, METEOR IMPACT. Near Clarence River. Witnesses saw it fall into water creating great disturbance. Another hit field like lava scorching ground around it. Another piece fell into grass land and was retried and placed on display in the town of Maclean.

1927, June 25, Queensland, BOLIDE BURST/METEOR IMPACT Violent, Inland just north of Longreach. Muttaburru district. 4pm. Shook the houses on the selections and rattled the crockery on the shelves. Witnesses saw a large fireball rushing through the sky. When this struck the earth another loud explosion followed, which shook the buildings a second time. This fell between Bibel and Crusoe holdings, and the volume of the explosion may be gathered when it is stated that at Burslem, at least 20 miles from where the meteorite fell, the crockery on the shelves rattled.

1927, South Australia. Pinaroo meteorite found. 40kg.

1928, April 8, New South Wales, A stone fell in the backyard of a home at Narellan. Mr. C. J. Richardson, president of the Nepean Shire Council Mr. Richardson, who is attached to the Commonwealth Geophsic Survey Branch. He called for some children to see the fireworks in the sky estimates that fully ten minutes elapsed between the time of the fireworks and when he heard a noise like that of an aeroplane. This was followed by a heavy thud and a slight tremble. The next day he found a stone weighing 12¾ ounces buried itself six inches into rocky ground. There were two distinct impacts.

1929, June 30, Western Australia, west of Bunbury just south of Perth, BOLIDE BURST/Possible METEOR IMPACT, Extreme, sonic boom heard, three explosions. It seemed to fall into ocean.

1929, October 5, NSW North Coast, BOLIDE AIR BURST, EXTREME, METEOR IMPACT, Major shaking and tremor. Travelling ENE. Came in fast and at a low angle 50km from the coast over Bellinger National Park. Percussions are just as bad at Coramba 15km inland as at the coast. At Bellingen Hospital 40km from where meteor crossed coast all nurses and patients received electric shocks. One nurse had to remain resting for some time it was that severe. At Bucca Creek, items in homes were smashed. The meteor hit the sea off Coffs Harbor near Solitary Island. Mass fish deaths 20km north and south over two week period. Fish deaths for two weeks at Bundagen Heads. Strange flakes of flakey sand washed ashore in that period. Suggests it hit the ocean floor or at least the shock wave did.

1929, October 8, New Zealand, Godley Head Lighthouse, BOLIDE BURST/ METEOR IMPACT, nearly hit lighthouse and impacted the sea. Shook the lighthouse and scared the family when it came within a stones throw.

1930, April 3. Western Australia. Guilford. CLOSE PROXIMITY AIR BURST/METEOR IMPACT. Exploded above suburb. Any doubts which might have existed as to the cause of the sudden explosion, which shattered the windows of the van at the rear of a passing passenger train near the Swan-street level crossing at East Guildford.

1930, April 7, METEOR IMPACT, Western Australia, Meteorites fall. Violent. Meteorite found 25km NE from Wagin. Impact felt in locations 200km apart.

1930, July 21, Queensland, Southport, BOLIDE BURST, METEOR IMPACT, Extreme. Sonic boom and tremor. It crashed into sea south off Cook Island west of Point Danger just after 8am. This came in at the same time the other one did in northern New South Wales. Low altitude passing. Detonation shook houses and scared animals. Observed in places over 300 km apart. Electrical interference, violent tremor. Felt 10km inland. Dull thud heard on impact. Thunderous sound for over 90 seconds. (See same day, Multi event, below, I've placed this in as reference).

1930, July 21, New South Wales, Billinudgel, BOLIDE BURST, Off North Coast. Violent, Tasman Sea. Three different meteoroids. First two were small at 4am, 8am and the large one came in at 10am. Sonic boom occurred 3 minutes after sighting.

1930, October, Moorleah, Tasmania. Six miles west of Wynyard on Tasmania's N.W coast, a "streak of fire, "travelling from east to west, was observed. This ended in a loud explosion which was followed by ten or twelve smaller ones resembling the back-firing of a motor car. After each of the minor explosions a whine like that of a spent bullet was heard. Only one piece, which was complete, was found the next day buried about three feet in a grass paddock.

1930, November, South Australia, Karoonda, an immense ball of bluish-white colour, equal in diameter to the full moon, sped across the sky at a steep angle in an east south-east direction. The nearest observer to the actual point of contact was two and a quarter miles away. The meteorite was found badly broken on a sandy surface. It made a crater-like hole in the sand about 18 inches in diameter and about the same depth. It is estimated to have weighed 41kg when whole.

1932, November 2, New South Wales, Gundagi, Cootamundra, near Sunnyside. LARGE BOLIDE BURST/ POSSIBLE IMPACT. Time 5:30am. Its trail was seen for 10 minutes after it vanished. Some minutes after it disappeared there was a tremor for 15sec. Explosion. At Darbalara, 22 kilometres from Gundagai, a man taking cream to the factory in a cart, one of the tremors nearly caused his horse to fall over a steep embankment on the mountainside. Shining brightly and leaving a long trail of bluish silvery smoke behind it. At Sunnybank, eight miles from Cootamundra. Five minutes after the meteor had disappeared, a noise like a clap of thunder was heard. According to observers, the meteor remained in the sky for ten minutes. Because of the tremor, it is believed it must have been a big one striking the earth with considerable force and exploding.

1932, December 22, METEOR IMPACT off South Australia coast south of Adelaide.

1933, July 25, New South Wales, Wagga Wagga. FIREBALL/METEOR IMPACT. Landed between the pumping station and power house. Shape of a comet with a tapering tail and an explosion was quite consistent with its being a meteorite impact.

1933, October 9. New South Wales. Mount Kosciusko. METEOR IMPACT. Loud explosion and severe shake.

1934, March 12, Victoria, Williamstown, Melbourne, METEOR IMPACT, Tremendous crash 100 meters from shore awoke residents. The impact happened after a great flash of light. The explosion hurled water 30 to 40 feet into the air. The event caused a power outage. Shook walls of houses. Probably something the size of a fist.

1934, December 21, Western Australia, Manfred Station, 120 km north of Murgoo, METEOR IMPACT, sonic boom and tremor with two meteorites found.

1935, May 30. South Australia. POSSIBLE METEOR IMPACT. Fell between Mount Compass and Victor Harbour. BOLIDE BURST. Traveling S.W. Flight time around seven seconds. Miniute or two before explosion was heard. The meteorite passed with a brilliant flash over the city, travelling in a southerly direction from Port Adelaide over the hills, where it disappeared. The course of the meteorite across the sky occupied about seven seconds. Many people claim that a minute or two after its passage distinct thuds and a rumbling noise were heard, indicating that it had struck the earth. Apart from various suburbs, the reports of the phenomenon had been received chiefly from the south, including Oakbank and Strathalbyn, while a report also has been received from Kingscote, Kangaroo Island.

1935, June 27, New South Wales, Woolgoolga, METEOR IMPACT, pasted north from coast out into the sea. Witnessed said it was like giant searchlight that lit indoors.

1936, January 23. BOLIDE BURST/ METEOR IMPACT, Impacted Southern Ocean 240 km south of Robe in South Australia – Victorian border region, 256km SW of Warrnambool. Approximate impact point (-39.50, 139) off the continental shelf.

1937, February 3. Victoria, Balranald. METEOR IMPACT. Time 3:15pm. Meteor created two explosions. Large black object seen falling from sky with fragments falling from it. It was witnessed falling into bush. Thought to have crashed in the heavily timbered country about a 2km off the main Balranald-Euston road, 18 miles from Balranald.

1937, September 7. Northern Territory, Darwin. POSSIBLE IMPACT. Time 6am. Darwin was shaken by two earth tremors shortly after two brilliant meteors had flashed across the southern sky, making the place as bright as day.

1938, January 16. Victoria, Middle Park, Belmont. CLOSE PROXIMITY/METEOR IMPACT. Time 5:40pm. Several Middle Park residents reported last night that they saw a brilliant silver object, shaped like a torpedo, streak across the sky in a westerly direction. It disappeared into a red speck. Four men claimed to have seen a large meteor strike the ground at Belmont about 5.50 p.m. There were a shower of sparks and a cloud of thick dust. Although it was still light there an illuminated trail which appeared to be about 6 ft. long. A search was made where the meteor appeared to have struck, but nothing unusual was found.

1938, March 25. New South Wales, Junee. METEOR IMPACT. After a violent explosion heard at a cattle station. Hole 2 x 12 and considerable depth, 16 km from Junee. A witness first thought a thunderstorm had arrived until his house trembled like driving over a badly corrigated road.

1939, January 25-31, Queensland, Cape Hillsborough, 30km north of Mackay. METEOR IMPACT, a fishing party discovered a hole 1 foot deep with a circumference of 4 feet; with a substance resembling molten quartz scattered within 15 feet of the impact.

1939, June 19, New South Wales, Gosford. POSSIBLE METEOR IMPACT, people thought it was a plane hitting ground. North of Wyong.

1941, January 29, Western Australia, Time 10:30pm. BOLIDE BURST/METEOR IMPACT, violent meteroid explode over Port Healand before falling into sea. Tremor that shook houses. Witnesses said it fell into ocean. The violent explosion was described as “terrific”. Travelled N.W. Broke into six pieces. Between two and four minutes a rumbling was heard. A loud explosion, followed by a loud whistling noise and then a little later a long, dull explosion.

1941, April 4, Queensland, Cairnes. LARGE BOLIDE BURST/POSSIBLE METEOR IMPACT. Flashing over the sky, a dazzling meteorite exploded like a bomb with a sound which rattled window panes, it is reported from Mareeba and Koah, near Cairns. After the explosion which appeared to split it in two the meteorite disappeared. One piece fell to earth, causing a tremor. It has not yet been found. It was a brilliant spectacle, said those who saw it. Dazzling the eyes with vivid bluish light which turned to red as the meteorite exploded."

1941, September 7. South Australia, METEOR IMPACT. Time 4:20pm. Kybunga. Photo was taken of event. The meteorite was found in 1956 and confirmed in 1969. In 1971 three more were located. 8kg of material discovered. The meteor was witnessed 80km away over St Vincent Gulf at Ardrossan. It entered the earths atmosphere from the northern sky. They thought it landed at Balaklava however the meteorite was eventually found at Kybunga. It blazed a path through the sky leaving a large trail behind it, which was moving at terrific speed and did not make any noise at Andossan. At Balaklava they heard a rumbling noise with smoke and dust in the sky. At Athelstone, 100km away, it looked like a silver plane bursting into pieces and a distant explosion.

1942, February 7. South Australia, Adelaide. BOLIDE BURST/POSSIBLE IMPACT. Time 11:20pm. S.W sky. Streak of golden yellow that burst into bright light that probably spread fragments in sea. Seen at Port Lincoln.

1942, February 8. South Australia, Port Lincoln. LARGE BOLIDE BURST/POSSIBLE IMPACT. Time Before 10pm. Travelled E to S.W. There was an explosion followed by a loud report about five minutes later. It would seem, therefore, that if the meteor reached the surface of the earth it must have fallen into the Southern Ocean.

1942, August 17, New South Wales, Forestvale, Poolamacca. METEOR IMPACT. Time 5:50pm. 20kg of meteorites fell at Forestvale. The meteor was first seen at 15,000 to 20,000 feet in flames. It hit causing two explosions that were heard at a woolshed 15 km away. It detonated above a man who was lucky not to be killed after five meteorites fell around him. It was described as being half the size of full moon. Trail of smoke seen from Broken Hill 80km away for 30 minutes. Heard at Poolamacca and Willangie Stations. It was assumed to be a meteor expected to come into earths atmosphere on the 13^th and 14th. The Airforce said it was a meteor of “unusual size and brilliance”.

1944, December 30, New Zealand, Wairarapa. BOLIDE BURST/POSSIBLE METEOR IMPACT. Houses were shaken by an explosion which occurred several minutes after a meteor disappeared over Wairarapa. Shedding sparks, the meteor blazed across the sky early on Saturday night. Its luminous trail lasted a considerable time. No reports of it having landed or caused damage were made, so if it fell to earth it probably landed in an isolated area.

1943, May 16, Tasmania, NW Coast and inland. The great Tasmanian fire balls. SIX EXTREME BOLIDE BURSTS. METEOR IMPACT. Violent. Sonic Booms. Damage. Coming in from Bass Straight. Exploded over land and sea. Tremor, sonic booms. Over 9 hours 6 super bolides were reported.

1944, January 23, Victoria, METEOR IMPACT, Tremor, hissing noise, thunder, air-blast and considerable echo. A meteor came over the suburbs of Melbourne exploding, shaking houses in Alphington, Camberwell and Kew. It left a smell of cordite in the air. After travelling SWW it struck the water in Port Phillip Bay off Rosebud West after travelling 60 km.

1941, September 7. South Australia, METEOR IMPACT, Time 4:20pm. Kybunga, Overland. Photo was taken of event. The meteorite was found in 1956 and confirmed in 1969. In 1971 three more were located. 8kg of material discovered so far.

1944, April 26, New South Wales, Maclean, AIR BURST, three men fishing from a boat in the Clarence River, two of which were standing up at time, were thrown to the floor of the boat when a meteraoid exploded above them. It caused a loud detonation that disturbed the fish to try and flee the water.

1948, April 11, Queensland, Charlesville, AIR BURST/METEOR IMPACT, crashed into ground 38km from Lynwood Station shaking the ground. The explosion was heard 80 km away.

1948, July 27, Queensland, BOLIDE BURST/METEOR IMPACT, two violent explosions two minutes after detonation causing tremor. Entered atmosphere 30km inland over Brookfield. Portions of the meteor fell on a farm at Swan Creek, nine miles from Warwick. Found near milking sheds. Man saw a great glow in the sky and the animals bunched together with fear. He felt the concussion as fragments fell. Investigations later showed two holes three yards apart, and about six and nine inches in-diameter. The bottoms of the holes could not be seen, and the earth started to fall in.

1948, August 11, Western Australia, Time: 6pm. BOLIDE BURST/METEOR IMPACT, EXTREME, violent, Indian Ocean west of Geraldton. Came in a 30 degrees. It came in generating more and more heat until it exploded leaving a glow for over half an hour in the sky. The trail of gold smoke lasted for over one and a half hours until night fall.

1949, January 5, Western Australia, Mt Ida. Inland. Time 9pm. 193 km N.N.W from Kalgoorlie. METEOR IMPACT. Violent. Nearly hit mining town in arid region, caused trees to flatten, one was uprooted and flung 100 meters. A short time before the meteor event the town underwent an electrical disturbance.

1950, Month unknown, Northern Territory, eastern Kakadu Park Area, METEOR IMPACT. Site never located. Tremor felt over 100km away.

1951, October 5, Victoria, Melbourne METEOR IMPACT.- A meteor, shot over the heads of a man and his young son fishing in the Barwon River. The fireball crashed into the river with a roar. The river in the vicinity momentarily rose four feet above normal level, 18-inch waves passed up and down the river, and steam rose 25 feet into the air.

1953, Mid May, New South Wales, Griffith. BOLIDE BURST/LIKELY IMPACT. Time 11:50pm. Caused a tremor some time after event. Flashed over Leeton. Appeared in north traveling westward. It would appear that it made contact with the earth. Described as a powerful electric light thundering across the sky.

1953, September 14. Queensland, BOLIDE BURST/METEOR IMPACT, violent. Taroom 500 km from Brisbane heard a tremendous explosion 80km N.W of town. Flight of meteor was at very steep angle. A meteorite was reported to have fallen in a rugged country about 600 km north-west ot Brisbane. Residents of Taroom. 500km north-west of Brisbane, heard a tremendous roar and explosion early in the evening. They estimated the blast to be 80 km away to the north-west. A grazier, 16 km out of Taroom, said: "There was a flash across the sky from east to west. The meteor then roared down at a very steep angle.

1954, January 28, New Zealand, METEOR IMPACT, west of Wellington in Tasman Sea.

1954, August 10, New South Wales, Sydney, BOLIDE BURST/METEOR IMPACT, said to have impacted sea.

1954, August 9. New South Wales. LARGE METEOR/METEOR IMPACT. The light was reported over Canberra at 5.20 p.m., and over Sydney at 5.35 p.m. Bright green. Said to have impacted sea.

1954, September 6, New South Wales, Sydney. METEOR IMPACT. Time 4:20. Meteoroid crashed into sea just over 11km off Ulladulla coast. Extremely violent/almost natural disaster. A couple of seconds slower and it would have wiped out a city block at minimun. It entered the atmosphere North of Sydney. It started exploding at 5000 feet and an object the size of large plane impacted sea with tremendous explosion. A piece dissolved before impacting 100 meters from the Manly Ferry. Descriptions varied from blinding white to a reddish orange colour. Some people said it was shaped like a rocket or torpedo, while others claimed it was like a tear-drop or diamond.

1956, Late in year. New Zealand. Meteor Impact. Fragment of a meteorite fell in a garden in the Auckland suburb of Avondale.

1958, October 21. New Zealand, south of Wanganui. METEOR IMPACT. Time 1:30am. Considering the rough country into which it would have landed, it may be some time before the spot is found. “It was the closest 1 have ever seen. I thought it was going to hit us,” said Mrs A. M. Davis. Mrs Davis, with six other people, was returning home at 1.30 a.m. when she saw the meteor crash in a sandy area not far from the road.

1959, March 23, New Zealand, METEOR IMPACT. Three huge bolides fall into sea 150 km west of Wellington. First 5pm, second 5:58pm and third 10:23pm. The second was the largest, and was described as an impact of high detonation.

1963, July 23, South Australia, METEOR IMPACT, Witnessed. Off coast into Great Australian Bight. Massive roar and explosion at sea in Great Australian Bight off west South Australian coast.

1969, Meteor impact near Murchison, Victoria in 1969. A object was recovered called the Murchison meteorite, It belongs to the carbonaceous chondrite class, a group of meteorites rich in organic compounds.

1991, July 21, Queensland, 170km S.W of Longreach, Time 2pm, METEOR IMPACT, hit arid region called - gidgee country. Hard to access. Witness said it was like a flaming ball of fire.

1991, September 22. Western Australia, Albany area. METEOR IMPACT. Time 10:30-11:45. Estimated the meteorite to have been no bigger than a football, weighing between 1kg and 10kg

1993, April 16. New South Wales, Peak Hill area. Between Dubbo and Parkes. POSSIBLE METEOR IMPACT. Small object. Seen over three mainland states.

1994, December 5th, South Australia, METEOR IMPACT, Mt Wedge. Violent impact on the hills of a farm. Pictures taken of ground impact. Violent tremor.

2021, April. A meteorite that fell near the remote cattle station of Forrest, which was recovered by Seamus Anderson and his team.

2022, Northern Territory, A meteorite that fell in Central Australia in 2022, which was captured falling to earth by Northern Territory Police CCTV cameras.

2022, Queensland, Fragments from an asteroid that fell in the Queensland Gulf region in 2022, which are being searched for by citizen scientists.

2022, Queensland, A meteorite that is believed to have landed near the tiny Gulf town of Croydon in 2022, based on data collected by citizen scientists.

INCIDENTS WITHOUT VALID DATES

1920s-1930s maybe earlier. New South Wales, Woodford Island, Clarence River, METEOR IMPACT, Hit hill on the Island causing considerable sparks to fly.

Between 1850 to 1887 a large meteoroid hit Bass Strait off the coast near Circular Head in Tasmania. Sketches were drawn of the event.

Before October 1932. Queensland. Not long ago, before 1932, Maroochy River residents heard a whistling noise, not unlike that of a locomotive, for a few seconds, and eventually' there was a, tremendous splash of something falling in the stream at Lake Point, It is believed that this was a small meteor.

1907+/- 1 year. New South Wales. about 8 o'clock one night in Coramba, a meteor passed over the town and fell somewhere in the scrub near Dorrigo. The crash could be plainly heard of falling timber, and a ray of light, brilliant enough to read a paper by for about 30 seconds ensued.

Year unknown (Before 1926) A farmer at Bream Creek (Tasmania) was walking across a clear space in the bush one day when some thing struck him smartly just above the knee. He could find nothing to account for it, but his leg swelled, and he had a good deal of trouble with it. There was a great shower of meteorites about that time.